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Chapter 12

Chapter 12. Personality: Theory, Research, and Assessment. Freud’s Psychoanalytic Theory Three Components of Personality. Id Eros – libido, Thanatos, Pleasure principle Ego Reality principle Superego Conscience, ego-ideal. Psychosexual Stages. Oral Anal Phallic Latency Genital.

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Chapter 12

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  1. Chapter 12 Personality: Theory, Research, and Assessment

  2. Freud’s Psychoanalytic TheoryThree Components of Personality • Id • Eros – libido, Thanatos, Pleasure principle • Ego • Reality principle • Superego • Conscience, ego-ideal

  3. Psychosexual Stages • Oral • Anal • Phallic • Latency • Genital

  4. Defense Mechanisms • Repression • Regression • Reaction formation • Displacement • Projection • Denial

  5. Methods of Psychoanalysis • Free association • Dream analysis • Manifest content • Latent content • Interpretation of actions • Freudian slip

  6. Other Psychdynamic Theories (Neo-Freudian Psychoanalysts) • Carl Jung – collective unconscious, archetypes • Alfred Adler – strive for superiority, inferiority complex • Erik Erikson – psychosocial stages of development

  7. Humanistic Approach (Phenomenological Approach) • Carl Rogers’ person-centered approach/self theory • Self-actualization • Self-concept • Unconditional positive regard • Conditional positive regard • Maslow’s hierarchy of needs

  8. Trait Approach • Trait = a consistent tendency to have certain kinds of beliefs, desires, and behaviors • Gordon Allport’s trait theory • Cardinal trait • Central trait • Secondary trait • Raymond Cattell’s factor-analytic approach • 16 source traits (clusters of related behaviors)

  9. Trait Approach (cont.) • Hans Eysenck’s biological trait theory • Introversion-extroversion • Neuroticism-stability • “Big Five” model/Five-factor model • Openness • Conscientiousness • Extroversion • Agreeableness • Neuroticism (opposite of emotional stability)

  10. Person-Situation Debate • Person – behavior explained by personality (stable, internal traits) – Seymour Epstein • Situation – behavior explained by specific situation – Walter Mischel

  11. Social Cognitive Approach (Social Learning Theory or Cognitive-Behavioral Approach) • Albert Bandura • Observational learning • Reciprocal influences • Self-efficacy • Julian Rotter’s expectancy theory • Internal locus of control • External locus of control

  12. Personality Assessment • Reliability • Validity • Norms

  13. Objective Tests Self-report measures Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI-2, MMPI-A) Neuroticism Extraversion Openness Personaltiy Inventory, Revised (NEO-PI-R) 16PF Projective Tests Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) Rorschach Inkblot Test Personality Assessment (cont.)

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