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Introduction to limbs

Introduction to limbs. Sanjaya Adikari Department of Anatomy. Main topics covered. Skeleton Superficial nerves/veins – only the important ones Dermatomes Muscle compartments – attachment & action of muscle groups and their innervation Brachial plexus & lumbosacral plexus. Main topics….

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Introduction to limbs

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  1. Introduction to limbs Sanjaya Adikari Department of Anatomy

  2. Main topics covered • Skeleton • Superficial nerves/veins – only the important ones • Dermatomes • Muscle compartments – attachment & action of muscle groups and their innervation • Brachial plexus & lumbosacral plexus

  3. Main topics…. • Special regions: axilla, cubitalfossa, carpal tunnel, snuff box, femoral triangle, cubitalfossa, gluteal region etc. • Joints with ligaments • Arterial anastomoses • Lymph drainage

  4. Skeleton • Axial • Skull • Vertebral column & ribs • Appendicular • Limb girdles • Bones of the limbs

  5. Upper limb

  6. Skeleton Shoulder/pectoral girdle Arm (humerus) Fore arm (radius, ulna) Wrist (carpal bones) Hand (metacarpals, phalanges)

  7. Superficial veins & nerves

  8. Dermatomes

  9. Muscles of the shoulder • Flexors • Extensors • Internal/medial rotators • External/ lateral rotators • Abductors • Adductors

  10. Compartments of the right arm • Anterior Coracobrachialis Biceps brachii Brachialis N: musculocutaneous C5, C6 • Posterior Triceps N: Radial nerve C7, C8

  11. Contents of the right arm compartments

  12. Compartments of the right forearm Pronator teres………. Flexor digitorum superficialis Flexor pollicis longus Flexor digitorum profundus Pronator quadratus

  13. Brachial plexus

  14. Axilla Transverse section Anterior wall Posterior wall Medial wall Lateral wall Apex Floor

  15. Cubitalfossa

  16. Anterior aspect of wrist • Median and ulnar nerves • Radial and ulnar arteries • Tendons of flexor muscles • Flexor retinaculum

  17. Carpal tunnel Palmar branch of median nerve

  18. Anatomical snuffbox

  19. Hand • Dorsum • Palm

  20. Joints with ligaments

  21. Arterial anastomoses Anastomosis around the elbow Scapular anastomosis

  22. Axillary lymph nodes To thoracic duct or right lymphatic duct supraclavicular apical lateral central posterior anterior

  23. Lower limb

  24. Skeleton Pelvic girdle Thigh (femur) Leg (tibia, fibula) Ankle (tarsal bones) Foot (metatarsals, phalanges)

  25. Skeleton of the foot

  26. Superficial veins & nerves

  27. Posterior arch vein

  28. Adductor canal perforator Below knee perforator Upper medial perforator Lateral perforator Middle medial perforator Lower medial perforator Level of medial malleolus

  29. Dermatomes

  30. Fascia Lata

  31. Femoral sheath

  32. Fascia lata Compartments of the right thigh

  33. Innervation Anterior compartment Femoral nerve Medial compartment Obturator nerve Posterior compartment Sciatic nerve

  34. Compartments of the right leg

  35. Innervation Anterior compartment Deep peroneal nerve Lateral compartment Superficial peroneal nerve Posterior compartment Tibial nerve

  36. Lumbosacral plexus

  37. Femoral triangle

  38. Gluteal region

  39. Poplitealfossa Right SeMem SeTend Biceps Popliteal surface of femur Gastroc Gastroc Popliteus muscle

  40. Foot • Dorsum • Sole

  41. Arches of the foot Medial longitudinal arch Lateral longitudinal arch Transverse arch:

  42. Joints with ligaments Ligaments at the ankle Ligaments at the knee joint

  43. Trochanteric & Cruciateanastomoses

  44. Inguinal lymph nodes • Deep inguinal nodes • Superficial inguinal nodes • Vertical group • Horizontal group

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