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International Institute For Security and Cooperation

NARCOTERRORISM. Moscow, Russia December 9-10, 2009. International Institute For Security and Cooperation. Rodolfo Peikov Member of the Advisory Board IISC. DRUGS AND TERRORISM A GLOBAL THREAT. P E N N N S Y L V A N I A 44 dead. P E N T A G O N 189 dead.

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International Institute For Security and Cooperation

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  1. NARCOTERRORISM Moscow, Russia December 9-10, 2009 International Institute For Security and Cooperation Rodolfo Peikov Member of the Advisory Board IISC

  2. DRUGS AND TERRORISMA GLOBAL THREAT P E N N N S Y L V A N I A 44 dead P E N T A G O N 189 dead World Trade Center, New York, USA, September 11, 2001 over 3000 dead, over 5000 wounded World Trade Center,February 26, 1993 6 dead, over 1000 wounded

  3. DRUGS AND TERRORISMA GLOBAL THREAT Kuta, Bali, Indonesia, October 12, 2002 202 dead, 209 wounded Bali, Indonesia, October 1, 2005 23 dead, 129 wounded

  4. DRUGS AND TERRORISMA GLOBAL THREAT British Consulate and Synagogues, Istanbul, Turkey, November 15-20, 2003 57 dead, over 700 wounded

  5. DRUGS AND TERRORISMA GLOBAL THREAT Atocha Train Station, Madrid, Spain, March 11, 2004 191 dead, over 2000 wounded

  6. DRUGS AND TERRORISMA GLOBAL THREAT Beslan, Респу́блика Се́верная Осе́тия-Ала́ния, Respublika Severnaya Osetiya-Alaniya, September 1-3, 2004 over 300 dead, over 700 wounded

  7. DRUGS AND TERRORISMA GLOBAL THREAT Metro and Bus, London, United Kingdom, July 7, 2005 56 dead over 700 wounded

  8. DRUGS AND TERRORISMA GLOBAL THREAT Train station attacks, Mumbai (Bombay), India, July 11, 2006 209 dead over 700 wounded

  9. DRUGS AND TERRORISMA GLOBAL THREAT Benazir Bhutto is assassinated by an attacker who blows himself up resulting in over 20 dead and several wounded. Rawalpindi, Pakistan, December 27, 2007

  10. DRUGS AND TERRORISMA GLOBAL THREAT Mumbai (Bombay), India, November 26-29, 2008 over 173 dead over 300 wounded

  11. DRUGS AND TERRORISMA GLOBAL THREAT Peshawar, Pakistan, October 28, 2009 over 95 dead over 220 wounded

  12. DRUGS AND TERRORISMA GLOBAL THREAT Невский экспресс, Nevsky Espress(St. Petersburg-Moscow), November 27, 2009 27 dead over 90 wounded

  13. DRUGS AND TERRORISMA GLOBAL THREAT “Kill one, frighten thousands.” • Sun Tzu • The Art of War • (China 544 B.C. – 496 B.C.)

  14. This presentation is intended only to furnish you with a basic knowledge of terrorism and drug related terrorism, and could be a starting point for further and more detailed study. It is not to be taken as a complete or detailed work but, rather, as an introduction to a very complex and dynamic subject. It gives a minimum essential background knowledge required to properly analyze the terrorist threat at the worldwide level. NARCOTERRORISM

  15. FLAGS OF TERRORIST ORGANIZATIONS

  16. LIST OF TERRORIST ORGANIZATIONS • Abu Nidal organization, (ANO) , Fatah—the Revolutionary Council, Arab Revolutionary Brigades, Black September, and Revolutionary Organization of Socialist Muslims (now inactive since the closing of offices in Egypt and Lybia in 1999. Abu Nidal found dead in Iraq August 2002. (Palestine, Lebanon) • Abu Sayyaf Group (ASG) or al-Harakat al-Islamiyya (Philippines, Brunei, Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand) • Aden-Abyan Islamic Army (Yemen) • Al-Aqsa Foundation (Palestine) • Al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigade (al-Aqsa) (Palestine) • Al- Badr (India, Pakistan) • Alex Boncayao Brigade, ABB (in 1997 it was joined by the Revolutionary Proletarian Army, RPA) (Philippines) • Al-Gama’a al-Islamiyya, Gamaat Islamiya, al Jamaat al Islamiya, Gama'a El Islamiyya (Islamic Group, IG) (Egypt) • Al Ghurabaa (re-established along with the Saviour Sect in Ahlus Sunnah wal Jamaah as an Internet forum in 2005) (Al Ghurabaa and Saviour Sect were banned in 2006) (U.K.) • Al-Haramain Foundation (Saudi Arabia) (banned GLOBAL by the U.N. 1267 in 1999) • Al Ittihad Al Islamia (Somalia) • Al-Shabaab (Somalia) page 1 of 9

  17. LIST OF TERRORIST ORGANIZATIONS • Alliance of Eritrean National Force, AEFN (in 1999 the Eritrean opposition groups formed the AEFN) (Eritrea) • Al-Qaeda, Qa‘idat al-Jihad (Afghanistan, Pakistan, now Global) • Al-Umar Mujahidin (India) • All Tripura Tiger Force (India) • Absa-al-Islam (Pakistan) • Ansar-us-Sunna (Iraq) • Armata Corsa, AC, Corsica Army (founded in 1999 is rival to the other Corsican group FLNC) (France) • Armed Islamic Group (GIA al-Jama'ah al-Islamiyah al-Musallaha) (Algeria) • Asbat al-Ansar (Lebanon) • Aum Shinrikyo (Supreme Truth), now called Aleph (Japan) • Autodefensas Unidas de Colombia, United Self-Defense Forces of Colombia, AUC (Colombia • Babbar Khalsa International (India, Pakistan) • Balochistan Liberation Army (Iran, Pakistan) • Brigate Rosse, Red Brigades (BR) (Italy) • Communist Party of India (India) • Communist Party of Philippines/New People’s Army (CPP/NPA) (Philippines) page 2 of 9

  18. LIST OF TERRORIST ORGANIZATIONS • Continuity Irish Republican Army, Óglaigh na hÉireann (Ireland, U.K.) • Deendar Anjuman, Islamic Organization (India) • Dukhtaran-E-Millat, Daughters of the Nation, Wahabbi Fundamentalist Group (India, Pakistan) • Egyptian Islamic Jihad, Jihad Group, Islamic Jihad, Al-Jihad (Egypt) • Ejército de Liberación Nacional (ELN), National Liberation Army (Colombia) • Euskadi Ta Askatasuna (ETA), Basque Homeland and Freedom (Spain) • Fatah al-Islam, Conquest of Islam (Lebanon, Palestine) • Fianna na hEireann (Ireland, U.K.) • Frontu di Liberazione Nazionalista Corsu, FLNC, Corsican National Liberation Front (France) • Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia, Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) (Colombia • Grupos de Resistencia Antifascista Primero de Octubre (GRAPO), Partido comunista de Espana. (possibly disbanded during June 2007 after the arrest of six components in Barcelona) (Spain) • Hamas, Ḥarakat al-Muqāwamat al-Islāmiyyah, Islamic Resistance Movement (now a political party in Palestine). (Lebanon, Palestine) page 3 of 9

  19. LIST OF TERRORIST ORGANIZATIONS • Harkat al-Jihād al-Islāmi fi Filastīn, Islamic Jihad Movement in Palestine (Palestine) • Harkat ul-Mujahidin (HUM), Movement of Holy Warriors, (formerly Harkat ul-Ansar,HUA, or Jamiat ul-Ansar) (Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Pakistan) • Hezb-e-Islami Gulbuddin (HIG) (Afghanistan) • Hezbollah (Party of God), Islamic Jihad, Revolutionary Justice Organization, Organization of the Oppressed on Earth, and Islamic Jihad for the Liberation of Palestine. Information reveals that from 1992 Hezbollah (Hizbollah) operated in Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay and other South American countries against Israelian targets(1). (Palestine, Lebanon) • Hizb ut-Tahrir, Party of Liberation. (Lebanon, Palestine, Syria) • Hizbul Mujahideen, Party of Freedom Fighters (Pakistan) • Holy Land Foundation (allegedly an Islamic Charity Foundation. In 2009 the founders were sentenced to life in prison for funding HAMAS with $12 million) (USA, Palestine) • Hynniewtrep National Liberation Council (might be associated to All Tripura) (India) • International Sikh Youth Federation(ISYF) (banned from India, UK, Canada) (India) • Irish Republican Army (IRA) (now used by the Provisional Irish Republican Army or PIRA) (Ireland, U.K.) (1) (Source: Italian Intelligence Magazine Gnosis, n. 1/2006) page 4 of 9

  20. LIST OF TERRORIST ORGANIZATIONS • İslami Büyükdoğu Akıncılar Cephesi, Great Eastern Islamic Raider’s Front (Turkey) • Islamic Jihad Union (IJU) (cell from Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan IMU (Uzbekistan, Afghanistan) • Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan (IMU)) (after the killing of Juma Namangami former Soviet paratrooper in 2001 in Afghanistan, might re-emerge as Islamic Movement of Turkestan) (Uzbekistan, Afghanistan, Kyrgystan, Tajikistan) • Jaish-e-Mohammed (JEM) (Army of Mohammed) (Pakistan) • Jamaat-ul-Mujahidin, Jama'atul Mujahidin (Bangladesh) • Jemaah Islamiya (JI), associated with Tandzim al-Qaedat Indonesia. Leader Noordin Mohammed Top’s assistant Amir Ibrohim (Amir Abdullah) was killed in a gunfight with police in Temanggung, Java, Indonesia on August 8, 2009. Noordin Mohammed Top was killed in a police raid in Indonesia on September 16, 2009.(Philippines, Brunei, Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand) • Jund Ansar Allah, Soldiers of the Companions of God, associated to Al Qaeda. On August 14, 2009 the leader Abdel-Latif Moussa, known also as Abu al-Nour al-Maqdessi committed suicide during a gunfight with the police in Gaza in which 17 of his militants were killed along with six Hamas police officers and a baby girl. (Palestine) page 5 of 9

  21. LIST OF TERRORIST ORGANIZATIONS • Jund Ash Sham, Jund al-Sham, Soldiers of Damascus (Palestine) • Kahane Chai, Kach (Israel) Khalistan Commando Force, KCF (India) • Kongra-Gel, former Kurdistan Workers’ Party, PKK, Partîya Karkerén Kurdîstan, Kurdistan Freedom and Democracy Congress, KADEK, Freedom and Democracy Congress of Kurdistan. (Turkey) • Khuddam ul-Islam, Islamist Militant Group possibly associated with Jaish-e-Mohammed, JEM (Pakistan) • Kurdistan Freedom Falcons, Teyrêbazên Azadiya Kurdistan, TAK, Kurdistan Freedom Hawks (Turkey) • Lashkar-e-Taiba(LT), Laškar-ĕ Tayyiba, Army of the Good, Army of the Righteous, Army of the Pure (Pakistan) • Lashkar I Jhangvi (LJ), Army of Jhangvi (Pakistan) page 6 of 9

  22. LIST OF TERRORIST ORGANIZATIONS • Libyan Islamic Fighting Group, (LIFG), Al-Jama’a al-Islamiyyah al-Muqatilah bi-Libya (Libya) • Loyalist Volunteer Force (LVF) (Ireland, U.K.) • Moroccan Islamic Combatant Group, Moroccan Islamic Fighting Group,Groupe Islamique Combattant Marocain (GICM) (Morocco) • Movimiento Revolucionario Tùpac Amaru, Tupamaros (MRTA), Revolutionary Movement Tupac Amaru (Peru, Uruguay) • Mujahedin-e Khalq Organization (MEK or MKO), National Liberation Army of Iran (NLA, the militant wing of the MEK), the People’s Mujahedin of Iran (PMOI), National Council of Resistance (NCR), the National Council of Resistance of Iran (NCRI), Muslim Iranian Student’s Society (front organization used to garner financial support). (Iran) • Muslim Brothers, Al-Ikhwān Al-Muslimūn,Society of the Muslim Brothers, Al-Ikhwān,the Brotherhood, (MB) (Egypt) • National Democratic Front of Bodoland, (NDFB),Bodo Security Force (agreed to ceasefire on June 1, 2005) (India) • National Liberation Front of Tripura (NLFT) (India) • Ndrangheta, Organized crime group in Calabria (Italy), associated with the AUC, Autodefensas Unidas de Colombia • Orange Volunteers (Ireland, U.K.) • Palestine Islamic Jihad (PIJ) (Palestine) page 7 of 9

  23. LIST OF TERRORIST ORGANIZATIONS • Palestine Liberation Front (PLF) (Palestine) • People's Revolutionary Party of Kangleipak(PREPAK) (India) • Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP) (Palestine) • Real IRA (RIRA), True IRA (Ireland, U.K.) • Red Hand Commando (associated with Ulster Volunteer Force (decommissioned in June 2009) (Ireland, U.K.) • Red Hand Defenders (RHD) (Ireland, U.K.) • Revolutionary Nuclei,Επαναστατικοί Πυρήνες orEpanastatiki Pyrines), (RN) (former Revolutionary Popular Struggle) (inactive since 2000) (Greece) • Revolutionary Organization 17 November, Epanastatiki Organosi17 noemvri , 17 November (Greece) • Revolutionary People’s Liberation Party/Front, Devrimci Halk Kurtuluş Partisi/Cephesi,(DHKP/C) (Turkey) • Revolutionary Struggle,Επαναστατικός Αγώνας or Epanastatikos Agonas(EA) Greece • The Salafist Group for Call and Combat (GSPC) (Algeria) (possibly connected now with Al-Qaeda) • Sendero Luminoso, Shining Path (SL) (Peru) page 8 of 9

  24. LIST OF TERRORIST ORGANIZATIONS • Society of the Revival of Islamic Heritage, Jamiat Ihya at-Turaz al-Islami‎, (RIHS) (a Non Governmental Organization in Kuwait was, possibly, infiltrated by Al-Qaeda in Afghanistan and Pakistan. Embargoed by the U.S. and the ONU. Banned in Russia) (Kuwait, Afghanistan, Pakistan) • Students Islamic Movement of India (SIMI) (possibly infiltrated by Al-Qaeda, might operate now under the name Indian Mujahidin) (India) • Takfir wal-Hijra, Excommunication and Exodus (might operate in Spain under the name Martyrs of Morocco) (Egypt, Morocco, Spain) • Taliban. (Students of Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam)Leader of Taliban group Tehrik-i-Talibani Pakistan, Baitullah Mehsud, killed August 5, 2009 in drone plane attack in the Zangar area of South Waziristan.(*)(Afghanistan, Pakistan and other countries) • Tandzim al-Qaedat Indonesia (Indonesia) • Tehreek-e-Nafaz-e-Shariat-e-Mohammadi, Movement for the Enforcement of Islamic Law (TNSM) (banned in Pakistan in 2002) (Pakistan, Afghanistan) • Ulster Defence Association (UDA), Ulster Freedom Fighters (UFF) (terminated operations on November 11, 2007) (Ireland, U.K.) • United Liberation Front of Asom (ULFA) (India) • United Mujahidin Forces of the Caucasus, Congress of the Peoples of Ichkeria and Dagestan (leader Shamil Basayev died July 10, 2006) (Chechnya) • United Wa State Army, (Myanmar-Burma, Thailand) • Vanguard of Conquest, VC, al Jihad, Egyptian Islamic Jihad (joined Al’Qaeda in 2001) (Egypt) (*)source: The Guardian, UK August 7, 2009 page 9 of 9

  25. Year Victims Attacks 2001 3221 26 2002 1184 81 2003 581 31 2004 1339 222 2005 419 38 2006 675 51 2007 801 91 2008 2241 226 2009(July) 781 137 LIST OF TERRORIST ATTACKS SINCE 2001 • Attacks in Iraq only. Not included in the other list • 2003 25 • 2004 140 • 2005 478 • 2006 297 • 2007 442 • 2008 257 • 2009 76

  26. NARCOTERRORISM Khun Sa Pablo Escobar Drug money has financed terrorist activities in countries such as Colombia, Peru and other South American countries and that the international drug trade generates profits which help terrorists flourish in Afghanistan? Source: 2009

  27. NARCOTERRORISM NARCOTERRORISM “Narcoterrorismo” (Narcoterrorism or Narco-Terrorism). Term coined in 1983 by Fernando Belaúnde Terry, President of Peru (1963-68 / 1980-1985) when describing terror against his nation’s anti-narcotics police. The president was referring to “Sendero Luminoso (Shining Path)” a communist group conducting terrorist attacks against the police and institutions in his country. Fernando Belaúnde Terry (1912-2002)

  28. NARCOTERRORISM UNITED NATIONS CONVENTION AGAINST ILLICIT TRAFFIC IN NARCOTIC DRUGS AND PSYCHOTROPIC SUBSTANCES, 1988 See next page See next page

  29. NARCOTERRORISM • The Parties to this Convention, • Deeply concerned by the magnitude of and rising trend in the illicit production of, demand for and traffic in narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances, which pose a serious threat to the health and welfare of human beings and adversely affect the economic, cultural and political foundations of society…, • Recognizing the links between illicit traffic and other related organized criminal activities which undermine the legitimate economies and threaten the stability, security and sovereignty of States… (page 10 of the:) FINAL ACT OF THE UNITED NATIONS CONFERENCE FOR THE ADOPTION OF A CONVENTION AGAINST ILLICIT TRAFFIC IN NARCOTIC DRUGS AND PSYCHOTROPIC SUBSTANCES

  30. NARCOTERRORISM International Narcotics Control Board(INCB) (1992) 5. Illicit cultivation of narcotic plants and illicit trafficking in drugs continue to be a threat to the political, economic and social stability of several countries. Links appear to exist between illicit cultivation and drug trafficking and the activities of subversive organizations in some countries in South America and south east Asia, but similar connections have also been reported in other regions in the world. Proceeds derived from offering “protection” to illicit cultivators and from involvement in the illicit marketing and distribution of the illicit products often constitute the main financial basis of terrorist activities.”

  31. NARCOTERRORISM World Conference on Human Rights Vienna, Austria, 14-25 June, 1993 17. The acts, methods and practices of terrorism in all its forms and manifestations as well as linkage in some countries to drug trafficking are activities aimed at the destruction of human rights, fundamental freedoms and democracy, threatening territorial integrity, security of States and destabilizing legitimately constituted Governments. The international community should take the necessary steps to enhance cooperation to prevent and combat terrorism.

  32. NARCOTERRORISM Council of Europe Pompidou Group2nd Pan-European Ministerial ConferenceStrasbourg, 4 February, 1994 "considering the continuous increase in and the spread of drug trafficking incidents, the involvement of violent organizations in such activities constitute a serious threat to the contemporary society", and thus, "it is vital for the security forces to combat terrorism effectively" (Art.15)

  33. NARCOTERRORISM United Nations Declaration49th Session of the General Assembly2005 Underlines the concern of the international community at the growing and dangerous links between terrorist groups, drug traffickers, and their paramilitary gangs which have resorted to all types of violence, thus endangering the constitutional order of the States and violating basic human rights.

  34. Definitions ofNARCOTERRORISM In the original context, narcoterrorism is understood to mean that the narcotics traffickers attempt to influence the policies of governments by the systematic threat or use of violence. Oxford Dictionary: Narcoterrorism: Terrorism associated to the trade of illegal drugs. (1999) U.S. criminologist Rachel Ehrenfeld: Narcoterrorism: Use of drug trafficking to conduct the objectives of some governments and terrorist organizations. (1990) Rachel Ehrenfeld Italian economist Loretta Napoleoni: Narcoterrorism: Use of terror tactics by the narco-traffickers and drug lords to protect their illegal businesses. It also describes the alliance between drug lords and armed organizations. Both have interests in destabilizing governments and breaking down the established social order. (2003) Loretta Napoleoni

  35. Definitions ofNARCOTERRORISM C. Augustus (Gus) Martin, California State University Dominguez Hill: Narcoterrorism: Political violence committed by dissident drug traffickers who are primarily concerned with protecting their criminal enterprise. (2003) Combs & Slann (Encyclopedia of Terrorism): Narcoterrorism: Narcoterrorism is the alliance between drug producers and an insurgent group carrying out terrorist acts. (…) While the ultimate ends sought by each group are usually different, the alliance offers them immediate benefits. The members of these alliances – the coca growers, drug traffickers, and terrorist groups – often share common goals. These include, but are not limited to, the destabilization of the government, the creation of discipline (for market purposes) among growers, and liberation from the meddling of the police and military. Mutual needs make the pursuit of these goals beneficial in some respects to all involved. (2003)

  36. Definitions ofNARCOTERRORISM • Gregory J. Petrakis (+2008): Narcoterrorism: • …. the involvement of terrorist organizations and insurgent groups in the trafficking of narcotics,…. there are three main variants of narcoterrorism. These include: • Insurgents using the drug trade to support their political objectives; • 2. States sponsoring ´drugs for arms´ and narcotics operations to further their influence to create instability; • 3. Dope dealers utilizing terrorist tactics like bombings, assassinations and kidnappings to enhance their profits. (2001) United States Drug Enforcement Administration. Asa Hutchinson, Administrator: Narcoterrorism: A subset of terrorism, in which terrorist groups, or associated individuals, participate directly or indirectly in the cultivation, manufacture, transportation, or distribution of controlled substances and the monies derived from these activities. (…) Further, DEA uses the term to characterize the participation of groups or associated individuals in taxing, providing security, or otherwise aiding or abetting drug trafficking endeavours in an effort to further, or fund, terrorist activities. (2002)

  37. Definitions ofNARCOTERRORISM Rudolf Giuliani, former Mayor of New York: The links between drugs and terrorism are substantial. The link has been known to law enforcement for a long time, but we didn't see it as Americans because we thought we were immune to terrorism. General Rosso Josè Serrano Cadena, former Chief of the Colombian Police from 1994 to 2000: Pablo Escobar Gaviria and the others used terror, yes, but as a mean to intimidate the legimate Colombian government not to interfere with their criminal activities”. Those were regular criminals without ideologies, they only were delinquents following the myth of Al Capone and were not looking for power, but only for space to conduct their criminal activities. They were brutal and were not looking for public approval in some revolutionary antisystem ideologies as it happens now with the Taliban or FARC (Fuerzas Armadas Revoluzionarias de Colombia). General Serrano arrests Miguel Rodriguez Orejuela (Cali Cartel)

  38. Terrorists and NarcoticsThe Nexus • Some terrorist groups believe that they can weaken their enemies by flooding their societies with addictive drugs. • Terrorists gain a source of revenue and expertise in illicit transfer and laundering of proceeds from illicit transactions. • Drug traffickers benefit from the terrorists military skills, weapons supply, and access to clandestine organizations. • Traffickers and terrorists have similar logistical needs in terms of material and the covert movement of goods, people and money.

  39. Terrorists and NarcoticsThe Nexus • The methods used for moving and laundering money for general criminal purposes are similar to those used to move money to support terrorist activities. • Migrant smuggling, document fraud, arms trafficking, auto theft, smuggling of contraband, and illegal financial transactions are tools for terrorists as well as narcotics traffickers.

  40. Five categories of Narcoterrorism 1. Narcotics traffickers use terrorist tactics to further the organizations narcotics enterprise. Avoid prosecution, hinder or prevent enforcement activity, through intimidation of judges, prosecutors, police, and the public. -Pablo Escobar (Colombia) -Medellin/Cali/Norte del Valle Cartels (Colombia) - Mexican Drug Cartels (Mexico) SENDERO LUMINOSO (Peru) FARC Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia ELN Ejército de Liberación Nacional, Colombia AUC Autodefensas Unidas de Colombia

  41. Five categories of Narcoterrorism 2. Terrorist organization provides protection for narcotics traffickers or allows shipments to travel through regions without interference for money but is not involved in narcotics trafficking. -Al Qa’eda -AUC

  42. Five categories of Narcoterrorism 3. Organization actively involved in narcotics trafficking and using proceeds to fund terrorist activities. -FARC -Sendero Luminoso

  43. Five categories of Narcoterrorism • Drug Trafficking Organization shares its smuggling routes, money laundering capabilities and other criminal enterprises with terrorist organizations in exchange for money/weapons. But Lorenzo Fernando Da Costa exploits was in Colombia. According to the Colombian military, he hooked up with the rebel Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia, or FARC, providing cash and weapons smuggled from Suriname in exchange for cocaine and protection. Souce: CNN May 27, 2001

  44. Five categories of Narcoterrorism 5. Governments and Terrorist Organizations who, allegedly, flood their “enemy” with narcotics aimed at the destabilization of the target government and the undermining of its society. • Taliban -Colombia • Asian countries -Cuba

  45. World Narcoterrorism Countries Содружество Независимых Государств СНГ (CSI) Ireland Baltic Countries United States Spain China Japan Syria Afghanistan Libya Israel Pakistan Lebanon Iran Mexico Egypt Cuba Sri Lanka Panama Venezuela Colombia Peru

  46. Cocaine Cocaine HCL Coca Plant

  47. Coca Cultivation Areas

  48. Cocaine Trafficking Routes Source: DEA

  49. Andean Potential Cocaine Production1997 – 2008 (in metric tons) 994 1008 980 984 925 Totals 875 879 845 859 825 827 879 Source: UNODC World Drug Report 2009

  50. NARCOTERRORISM MAJOR COCAINETRAFFICKING ORGANIZATIONS • Pablo Escobar • Medellin Cartel At the height of their power the Medellin Cartel was making over 60 million dollars per months for an estimated total of over 28 billion dollars. Responsible for the murder of government officials and police officers along with the killings of rival traffickers. • Cali Cartel Colombian sources say that at the height of their power, the Cali Cartel was responsible for 80% of the cocaine exported from Colombia to the U.S. Responsible for the murder of government officials and police officers along with the killings of rival traffickers.

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