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PTSD

PTSD. Steven Franqui Brandon Martinez. Close your eyes. And Imagine. August 24, 1992. Biological Level of Analysis Cognitive Level of Analysis Sociocultural Level of Analysis . Etiology . Reliving the event (also called re-experiencing symptoms )

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PTSD

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  1. PTSD Steven Franqui Brandon Martinez

  2. Close your eyes And Imagine

  3. August 24, 1992

  4. Biological Level of Analysis • Cognitive Level of Analysis • Sociocultural Level of Analysis Etiology

  5. Reliving the event (also called re-experiencing symptoms) • Avoiding situations that remind you of the event • Negative changes in beliefs and feelings • Feeling keyed up (also called hyperarousal) Symptoms

  6. Prelavance • Overall • Gender • Age

  7. Difficulty of Diagnosis • Methods of Diagnosis Diagnosis

  8. Culture is a context of dynamic symbols and meanings that people create and recreate for themselves in the process of social interaction.” – (Geertz 1973; Sapir, 1961) Toward a more expansive view, culture is thought to provide an orientation of a people’s way of feeling, thinking, and being in the world – their unself conscious medium of experience, interpretation, and action.” – (Jenkins & Karno, 1992 ) Nature of Culture

  9. Rosaldo (1984) • Led to studies like • Jenkins & Valiente, 1994 • Salvadoran Women Culture and Emotion

  10. Culture Validity of PTDS Diagnosis • DSM • Criterions • Calor and Nervios • Emotions

  11. Prevalence rates • Treatment differences Gender

  12. Hypnosis, Art therapy, and Psychodynamic therapy • CBT, Pharmacotherapy, EMDR Treatment

  13. Method: • Participants • Tools used • Discussion Kathleen O. Nader and Others…

  14. Pynoos et al., 1987 • Sniper Rifle • Pynoos & Goenjin, 1992 • Earthquake in Armenia Other Experiments

  15. Stressors: • War • Rape • Traumatic Life experience • Pynoos et al., 1987 • Pynoos & Goenjin, 1992 • Jenkins & Valiente, 1994 • Neuromaturational Factors: • Noradrenaline • Amygdala • Hippocampus • Medial Prefrontal Cortex • Grinage, 2003 Psychiatric Outcome (Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder) Constitutional (Biological) Vulnerability Walker-Tessner Model • Cognitive Factors: • Mental defeat • Mental confusion • Appraisal of emotions • Appraisal of symptoms • Perceived negative responses of others • Permanent change • Dunmore, E, Clark, D.M., & Ehlers, A, 1999 • Inherited Factors: • Pre-existing depression • Pre-existing anxiety disorder • Family history of anxiety • Family history of neuroticism • Halligan, S, Yehuda, R, 2000 • Cornelis, M, et. al. 2010

  16. Complex PTSD (Herman, 1992) • Complex Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders • Prolonged, repeated trauma that only occurs where the victim is in a state of captivity, unable to flee, and under the control of the perpetrator.

  17. Purpose • Participants • Findings GROUP THERAPY FOR SEXUAL-ASSAULT VICTIMS (Roth, S, Dye, E, & Lebowitz, L, 1988)

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