Slave Codes

1. Slave Codes Laws passed in the colonies that greatly restricted the lives of slaves. These laws were used to control slaves and keep them inferior to whites in every aspect of society. Examples include laws that prevented slaves from traveling from their homes and other laws that prevented the education of slaves. Laws in Alabama, Georgia, and Virginia called for whips and fines for anyone caught teaching slaves to read and write.

2. Dred Scott • Enslaved African who filed suit for his freedom stating that his time living in Illinois (a free state) made him a free man; the Supreme Court ruled against him in a 1857 ruling known as the Dred Scott Decision, which upheld slavery and found the Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional. This decision fueled anger throughout the North prior to the Civil War. Dred Scott Missouri Compromise violates the 5th amendment, which protects property. “A slave owner can take his PROPERTY wherever he wants to.” JUSTICE TANEY Blacks are not and can not be U.S. citizens. They are PROPERTY and have no right to be in the court asking for rights!!

3. Industrial Revolution • Period of rapid growth in the use of machines in manufacturing and production that began in the mid 1700’s. Workers in a Factory Eli Whitney’s Cotton Gin

4. Missouri Compromise1820 Law passed in 1820 that balanced slave and free states equally and then split the Louisiana territory to make the Northern half free (except Missouri) and the Southern half open to slavery. Outlawed by the Dred Scott Case and Blown-up by the Kansas-Neb. Act in 1854

5. Sectionalism Peace out North!! A devotion to the interests of one geographic region over the interests of the country as a whole. The Southern states were accused of this when they seceded from the Union after the election of 1860.

6. Secession (secede) • To formally withdraw from the Union. South Carolina was the first state to Secede from the Union on Dec. 20, 1860. South Carolina was later followed by Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, Texas, Arkansas, North Carolina, Tennessee and Virginia.

7. UNDERGROUND RAILROAD* Secret escape routes from slave states to the North and freedom in Canada. A network of people, transportation routes and safe hiding places to help slaves escape. Harriet Tubman known as the ‘Conductor’ helped over 300 slaves escape and at one time had a $40,000 reward offered for her capture

8. Grew-up on the frontier absolutely poor and to a father who could not read or write. ABRAHAM LINCOLN* The Emancipator Elected as president in 1860 from the state of Illinois. Led the nation through the Civil War and signed the Emancipation Proclamation freeing the slaves. Assassinated in 1865 by a pro-Southern actor named John Wilkes Boothe

9. Bleeding Kansas Pro vs Anti Slavery • Battle between Pro and Anti-Slavery forces over Kansas. Although there were more people against slavery, the government ruled in favor of the Pro-slavery forces. These decisions pushed Kansas towards a civil war, and in the process close to 200 people were killed!

10. Border States • Slave states that lay between the North and the South and did not join the Confederacy during the Civil War. The border states were Delaware, Kentucky, Maryland, and Missouri.

11. Yankees Rebels Red vs Blue North vs South Yankee: term used to describe someone from the North during the Civil War. - Rebel: Term used to describe supporters of the Confederacy during the Civil War.

12. Robert E. Lee • Leader of the Army of Northern Virginia during the Civil War. He successfully led several major battles, until his defeat at Gettysburg. He was forced to surrender to Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox Courthouse which effectively ended the civil war. Lee’s surrender

13. Fugitive Slave Act Created with the Compromise of 1850, it made it a crime to help runaway slaves and forced free states to arrest runaways and return them to the South. Forced slaves to escape to Canada and even free blacks got kidnapped

14. Confederacy Group of 11 Southern states that left the Union following the election of Abraham Lincoln in 1860. South Carolina was the first to secede on December 20th, 1860. Capitol: Richmond Virginia 1st state to Join: South Carolina

15. Ulysses S. Grant Initially Commander of the war in the West, became the General of all Union Forces and was the one to accept General Lee’s surrender at Appomattox Courthouse. Grant was known for being an aggressive leader, never afraid to attack. He later became the 18th President of the United States

16. Total War Warfare that seeks to destroy all aspects of the opposition, including agriculture, housing, and technology. This warfare does not make a distinction between soldiers and civilians War is war, and not popularity-seeking! Total warfare was most famously used in the Civil War by Union General William Tecumseh Sherman in his “March to the Sea”

17. Emancipation Proclamation President Lincoln’s order to free the Confederate Slaves; became effective January 1st, 1863 The Emancipation Proclamation was worded carefully: only those slaves in states that were in OPEN REBELLION against the United States were freed. Why was this the case????

18. Massachusetts 54th An infantry regiment composed mostly of African-Americans that captured Fort Wagner in South Carolina Roughly 180,000 African-Americans fought for the North. They were paid $10 a month compared to $13 for white soldiers. 60,000 African-Americans fought for the SOUTH during the Civil War

19. Ironclads New warship during the Civil war, ships were covered completely with iron. The Confederates had an ironclad called the Merrimack while the north had one called the Monitor. The Merrimack was originally a Northern ship, the Confederates captured it, turned it into an ironclad, and renamed it the Virginia. Before creating the Monitor, the North had no answer for the Merrimack, as cannon balls just bounced off the ship.

20. Appomattox Courthouse • The location where General Robert E. Lee was forced to surrender to Ulysses S. Grant which ended the Civil War.