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Pyramid Societies in China and France in the 17 th -18 th Centuries

Pyramid Societies in China and France in the 17 th -18 th Centuries. Reading: Smith (on France and Europe), 658-670, 673-679. France and Qing China. Worldwide depression in the 17th c caused by global cooling.

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Pyramid Societies in China and France in the 17 th -18 th Centuries

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  1. Pyramid Societies in China and France in the 17th-18th Centuries • Reading: Smith (on France and Europe), 658-670, 673-679

  2. France and Qing China • Worldwide depression in the 17th c caused by global cooling

  3. Decline in central control leads to peasant rebellions, banditry, religious wars and wars with invaders • China- rebels take over Beijing- Ming ruler invites Mongols to help him regain control, instead they assume power in all of China • France- Religious wars- Catholics vs. Protestants (1562-1598). Thirty Years War- (1618-1648), Fronde (civil war)

  4. Sovereignty in France and China: Reconstituted after Turmoil A. Semi-divine monarch- the “sun gods” Louis XIV Qianlong

  5. Kangxi Emperor

  6. Qianlong

  7. Centralization of formal state government China • Civil service bureaucrats was expanded and Confucianized during the Ming period. (1368-1644). Competitive jinshi exam largest - education system in the world. • Court eunuchs and censorate (surveillance) France - Venal Offices • Cardinal Richelieu- crushes nobles, consolidates power and creates intendants (32 district system)

  8. Enforcing Absolutism • Large standing army B. Intellectual Theory • French Philosophs Bodin and Bousset write about divine right of kings and the need for one ruler • In China, Confucianism and “Mandate of Heaven” divine, absolutist emperor

  9. Display of Power – Art, Architecture, Imperial Cities

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