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Branches of Philosophy

Branches of Philosophy. Do we have free will? Is there an immaterial level of existence?. Metaphysics. What is real? Branch of philosophy concerned with explaining the nature of “being” and the world “being” exists in.

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Branches of Philosophy

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  1. Branches of Philosophy

  2. Do we have free will?Is there an immaterial level of existence?

  3. Metaphysics • What is real? • Branch of philosophy concerned with explaining the nature of “being” and the world “being” exists in.

  4. Do our five senses give us knowledge?Do our experiences and ability to reason give us knowledge?What is the difference between knowledge and belief?How do we determine what is true?

  5. Epistemology • What is knowledge? • Branch of philosophy concerned with knowledge (what it is and how we acquire it). • How knowledge is connected with truth, belief and justification.

  6. Is it art?

  7. Is it right? • Killing someone. Right or wrong? • Always? • How do you know?

  8. Axiology • What is good? • Philosophical study of value. • Main branches: • Ethics: what is “right” and “good” conduct. • Aesthetics: concepts of “beauty” and “harmony”.

  9. Ethics, Morals and Values

  10. Ethics • Greek word "ethos" meaning "character.” • Professional and legal rules or guidelines within a particular time and place for a particular group (medical ethics, business ethics, etc.). • Social system; External: dependent on others for definition. • What we do because society says it is right. • What we do to avoid societal disapproval.

  11. Morals • Latin word "mos" meaning "custom.” • Principles or habits with respect to how people conduct themselves in personal relationships and in society. • Individual – Internal; what we’ve learned is right from religion or culture. • What we do because we believe it is right. • What we do to avoid feeling remorse, discomfort, depression, etc.

  12. A person following Ethical Principles may not have any Morals at all. Likewise, one could violate Ethical Principles to maintain Moral Integrity.

  13. Values • An individual’s definition of what is important: acceptable or unacceptable, beautiful or ugly, good or bad. • Examples; honesty, integrity, compassion, courage, honor, responsibility, patriotism, respect and fairness.

  14. Morals vs. Values • Morals are taught by society; values come from within. • Morals motivate us to lead a good life; values act as intuition. • Morals are related to religion, business or politics; values are personal beliefs or principles. • Morals are deep seated; values can change with time and needs.

  15. Do Now: Respond to the following. • Is it unfair to move to better (open) seats at a sporting or theater event? • Should I accept credit for a project on which my classmates did most of the work? • Is it considered stealing to take napkins from a fast-food restaurant? • Am I obligated to lend money to friends and family? • If someone tells an offensive joke, is it my responsibility to speak up about it?

  16. Directions: Find at least two articles in Opposing Viewpoints database on an ethical issue and summarize each. Explore perspectives of science, religion, law, economics, politics, etc. Finally, explain your view on the subject. • Affirmative Action • Animal rights • Assisted Suicide • Capital punishment • Heroic medicine • Immigration • Welfare and charity • Etc.

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