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Building Codes

Building Codes. Building codes: collapse prevention. The Uniform Building Code. Building Seismic Safety Council (FEMA), 1996 Evolution of earthquake hazard maps UBC-Level 4, area of highest risk. Areas of High Population/Seismic Risk. Seismic zones and Faults. Seismic zones and population.

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Building Codes

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  1. Building Codes

  2. Building codes: collapse prevention

  3. The Uniform Building Code • Building Seismic Safety Council (FEMA), 1996 • Evolution of earthquake hazard maps • UBC-Level 4, area of highest risk

  4. Areas of High Population/Seismic Risk

  5. Seismic zones and Faults

  6. Seismic zones and population

  7. Damage Mapped by Damaged Buildings

  8. Structural problems • Earth material • Soft story • HOG • Cripple wall • House off foundation • Chimneys • Water heaters • URM

  9. Uniform Building Codes • 1927- First UBC required, fire safety • updated every 3 years • recognition of new weaknesses in designs • recognition how earth materials influence seismic waves

  10. Soft Story Collapse • Parking garage is a soft story • Scenes like this were familiar near the epicenter • Where have you seen this type of structure?

  11. Uniform Building Code • 1973- requires bracing of cripple walls • 1991- stronger bracing for cripple walls

  12. Cripple wall retrofit

  13. Uniform Building Code • 1935- Foundation bolting

  14. Bolting Methods

  15. Built before 1970 Not properly reinforced Tear down chimney 2007 building code Specific types of brick and mortar Extensive anchoring with specific requirements of attachment Chimneys

  16. Uniform Building Code • 1991-Bracing of water heaters

  17. Uniform Building Code • 1935- reinforcement of masonry foundations • 1986- Unreinforced Masonry retrofit law • 1993- how retrofitting is done

  18. Building Code Objective Full Operational Operational Life safe Near Collapse M6.5 M7.0 Basic objective Essential/hazardous objective M7.5 Safety-critical objective M8.0

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