Respiratory Tract Disorders

1. Respiratory Tract Disorders Upper and Lower

2. Upper Respiratory Infection - URI • Localized in the mucosa of the URT • Nose, Pharynx, Larynx • Usually named for specific structure

3. Nosebleed Due to Blow Dry Mucous High BP Pinch the nose Pack under upper lip Ice Pack on neck Twist Cotton up Nose Do NOT lay Back > 5” See Doctor Epitaxis

4. Rhinitis • Coryza • Inflammation of nasal mucosa • Due to infections • Bacterial, Viral, Allergen • Discomfort, Swelling, Excessive Discharge

6. Pharyngitis • Sore Throat • Inflammation • Excessive Use • Infection • Bacterial, Viral, Allergen • Strep Throat • Pain, Reddness, Difficulty Swallowing, Pus

8. Laryngitis • Inflammation of larynx mucous lining • Loss of voice • Infection • Bacterial, Viral • Irritant • Allergens, Smoking, Temperature Change • Under 5 • Acute Laryngitis • Dyspnea • Croup

10. Lower Respiratory Infections - LRI • Localized in the Trachea, Bronchial Tree and lungs • Usually much more severe and Life threatening

11. Acute Bronchitis • Acute inflammation of the bronchi • Usually caused by infections • Often preceded by a URI • Starts with a nonproductive cough • Progresses to deep cough • Produces sputum • Mucus & Pus

13. Inflammation of the lungs alveoli & bronchi become plugged with thick fluid Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteria Others Viral or Fungul Oportunistic Symptoms High fever/severe chills Headache/cough chest pain Types Lobar Pneumonia Affecting entire lobes Bronchopneumonia Part of the Bronchial Tree Aspiration Pneumonia Nonifectious Inhaling vomit or other foreign matter Pneumonia

16. Chronic bacillus infection caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis Highly contagious Transmitted through inhalation or swallowing of infected droplets When people cough or sneeze Affects lungs and possibly spread to other organs Early Stages Fatigue & Wt Loss Chest Pain & Pleurisy Fever Later Stages Lung hemorraging Dyspnea Tuberculosis Capsules around bacteria colonies Extreme in 3rd World Rising in US Tuberculosis (TB)

20. Restrictive Pulmonary Disorders • Affect the Alveoli • Reduces stretch • Inhibit inspiration • Reduce Lung Volume & Vital Capacity • Caused by • Scarring of lung tissue • Asbestos, coal, silicon • Injuries

23. Obstructive Pulmonary Disorders • Obstructions of airways • Caused from exposure to chemicals • Cigarette Smoke / Pollutants • Cause obstructions with BOTH Inspiration and Expiration • The total lung capacity may be normal, but takes time to inhale or exhale

24. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) • Describes progressive irreversible obstruction of air flow • Difficulty breathing mainly with expiration

25. Chronic Bronchitis • Inflammation of Bronchi and Bronchioles • Edema • Mucus • Cough Deeply trying to dislodge mucus • Major Causes • Smoking • Second Hand Smoke • Pollution

27. Emphysema • May result from Chronic Bronchitis • Air becomes trapped in alveoli due to mucus • Alveoli become enlarged & rupture • Fuse into irregular spaces • Reduces surface area for gas exchange • Breathing becomes difficult • Develop hypoxia

30. Asthma • Recurring spasms of the smooth muscle walls of air passages • Narrow the airways • Edema & Mucus accompanies spasms • Triggered by stress, exercise, infection, allergens

33. Lung Cancer • Malignant • Affects all parts of lungs • Destroying gas exchange abilities • May and will Metastasize – Move • Most often develops in damaged or diseased lungs • Cigarette smoking accounts for 75% • Other Factors • 2nd Hand Smoke, Asbestos, Coal dust, petroleum Products, Rust,

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