AIM:

1. AIM: How are proteins formed? DO NOW:

2. Biosynthesis Biosynthesis is a phenomenon wherein chemical compounds are produced from simpler compounds. Biosynthesis takes place within living organisms and is generally catalyzed by enzymes. A type of protein Where do the proteins come from?

3. Protein biosynthesis (synthesis) is the process in which cells build proteins Ribosomes of the cell Proteins are formed in the ______________________ Proteins are composed building blocks called______________________ Amino acids

4. Building A New School Construction Crew Building materials Construction site Blueprints Architect

5. Architect’s office Nulceus DNA mRNA Blueprints Copy of blueprints By messenger Construction site Ribosomes rRNA Home Depot Cytoplasm Amino acids Building Building materials tRNA Materials By truck

6. protein synthesis Is carried out in the cell’s nucleus, cytoplasm, and ribosomes Directed by the DNA of the organism Aided by molecules of RNA

7. RNA Ribonucleic acid is a nucleic acid made from a long chains of nucleotides. Each nucleotide consists of a nitrogenous base, a ribose sugar, and a phosphate.

8. RNA is usually single stranded RNA nucleotides contain ribose RNA uses the nucleotide Uracil substituted for Thymine

9. Three Types of RNA mRNA tRNA rRNA Messenger RNA Transfer RNA Ribosomal RNA transfers a specific amino acid to a growing polypeptide chain at the ribosomal site the protein manufacturing machineryof all living cells is the RNA that carries information from DNA to the ribosome

10. protein synthesis Is carried out in the cell’s nucleus, cytoplasm, and ribosomes Directed by the DNA of the organism Aided by molecules of RNA

11. CODED

12. DECODED

13. Steps in Protein Synthesis Dr. writing a Rx Pharmacists reading the Rx Producing the “filled” prescription

14. EXAMPLE DNA READS: GTC AAG CAA GAT TAC Transcription occurs mRNA READS: CAG UUC GUU CUA AUG Triplets of mRNA bases are called codons

15. Transcription the mRNA is created under the direction of DNA Only one of the two DNA strands is transcribed This strand is called the template strand Transcription occurs in the cellnucleus where DNA is housed

16. Translation is the process that converts an mRNA sequence into a string of amino acids that form a protein. protein synthesis when the mRNA strand moves out of the nucleus and into the cytoplasm.

17. The tRNA will deliver the appropriate amino acid in the cytoplasm that is coded for by the mRNA messenger RNA (mRNA) is decoded to produce a specific protein using specific amino acids tRNA Polypeptide=protein

18. EXAMPLE DNA READS: GTC AAG CAA GAT TAC Transcription occurs mRNA READS: CAG UUC GUU CUA AUG Triplets of mRNA bases are called codons

19. CONTINUED EXAMPLE mRNA READS: CAG UUC GUU CUA AUG Translation occurs tRNA READS: GUC AAG CAA GAU UAC Triplets of tRNA bases are called anticodons

20. tRNA READS: GUC AAG CAA GAU UAC Amino acids reads: val – lys – gln – asp - tyr

22. PRACTICE • http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aso/tryit/dna/protein.html protein synthesis practice