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Barriers and Motivating Factors of Physical Activity. Liz Costa and Emily Hyman. Obesity epidemic. Overweight and obesity is a global problem; 1/3 of U.S. adults are obese In 2011, CDC’s budget included $300M for chronic disease prevention and health promotion
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Barriers and Motivating Factors of Physical Activity Liz Costa and Emily Hyman
Obesity epidemic • Overweight and obesity is a global problem; 1/3 of U.S. adults are obese • In 2011, CDC’s budget included $300M for chronic disease prevention and health promotion • Despite investment, gap exists between knowledge and action
Why qualitative research? • Deeper understanding needed of how to encourage ongoing physical activity • When common barriers are removed, what are true motivators/hindrances to physical activity?
Qualitative approaches • Emily • Semi-structured • & open-ended • interviews • Purposive • sampling • Codes both • emergent and • predetermined Liz • Semi-structured interviews • Snowball sampling • Screening questions • Codes both emergent and predetermined
Background • Less than 10% of the study population was engaging in physical • activity in early adulthood • Stages of Change Model: shows movement between preparation, action • and maintenance Gordon-Larsen P, Nelson MC, Popkin BM. Longitudinal physical activity and sedentary behavior trends: adolescence to adulthood.Am J Prev Med.2004;27 :277– 283
Key themes - Liz • Parental involvement • “My Asian mother did not think basketball was a necessity.” • Social environment • “you were an outcast if you didn’t play some sort of sport or do dance.” – Participant A • Adult – physical activity can be exclusive of social motivator • “I would get home from work at 10pm- I needed something I could do on my own, not even relying on a gym”- Participant C • Engrained behavior over time • “between middle school and high school it [PA] became engrained into who I am, I will always come back to it at some point.”
Key themes - Emily • Time is universal issue • Exercise viewed as treatment • Despite removing community barriers (e.g. access, childcare), individual barriers appear hardest to overcome • Social/community network needed to initiate and maintain physical activity • Health benefits understood, but self-image more likely to motivate exercise
Demands on time;external push needed • “When I got off work, I was tired. Mentally tired. I didn’t have time to exercise.” • “If you have a ‘buddy’ that persuades you and encourages you to go, that will make you keep a positive mindset and keep going.” • “My doctor told me I was in the obese category so I started working out.”
Exercise as a treatment • “My cousin exercises because she can reduce that big butt of hers. She NEEDS to lose weight.” • “People that smoke need to exercise. It is good for them. If I smoked, I would exercise.”
All women environment • “In my culture, some men make you feel uncomfortable at the gym. Here, females feel comfortable when they walk in. Instead of judging them, you want to help them.” Family influence • “My cousins say they work out. But I never seen ‘em.” • “My family in North Carolina love to exercise. They have miles to walk there.”
