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Sojourners Tramping through the Appalachians: Acadia to Acadié

APPALACHIANS – Session 6. Sojourners Tramping through the Appalachians: Acadia to Acadié. APPALACHIANS – Session 6. Newfoundland. Week 6: Newfoundland. Quebec & Maritimes – Stats, Travel, People. Week 5:. Week 4:. Quebec & Maritimes – Natural Sites. Weeks 2-3: New England.

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Sojourners Tramping through the Appalachians: Acadia to Acadié

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  1. APPALACHIANS – Session 6 Sojourners Tramping through the Appalachians: Acadia to Acadié

  2. APPALACHIANS – Session 6 Newfoundland Week 6: Newfoundland Quebec & Maritimes – Stats, Travel, People Week 5: Week 4: Quebec & Maritimes – Natural Sites Weeks 2-3: New England Weeks 1: Becoming Vagabonds Louisiana to New England

  3. TODAY’S PLAN NEWFOUNDLAND Tidbits Orientation 3 Specific Industries Geology • Regional View • GrosMorne • Tablelands • Greenpoint • Western Brook Pond • Our Route • Geography • History • Demographics • Roadside Cod • Overnight ferry crossing • Animals & Sights • Cod Fishing Industry • Hibernia Oil Field platform • Mining & Minerals

  4. OUR ROUTE

  5. NEWFOUNDLAND Lab Quebec

  6. NEWFOUNDLAND

  7. NEWFOUNDLAND Cape Spear Gros Morne: Tablelands & Greenpoint Strato-type Port aux Basques Ferry Terminal L’Anse Aux Meadows Iceberg Alley Gander Mistaken Point Ediacaran Fossils Signal Hill Cape St. Mary Bird Burlin - 1929 Tsumani Disaster St. John’s

  8. NEWFOUNDLAND AND TRAVEL PLANNING

  9. NEWFOUNDLAND SIGHTS Boutte du Cap Trinity Salvage

  10. GEOGRAPHY

  11. Gros Morne GEOGRAPHY • 70 miles from Nova Scotia • 310 miles wide by 325 miles long (42,000 sq mi); only 8.5 miles from Labrador • Coastline of 3,810 miles • 2 World Class National Parks: Gros Morne & Terra Nova • High point is The Cabox at 2,664 ft • French Territory: Ile St. Pierre & Miquelon • Cape Spear is eastern most point of North America • Famous fishing: Grand Banks • Nickname “The Rock” Tablelands “THE ROCK” 14 miles Grand Banks

  12. SIGHTS Main Ferry terminals at Port Aux Basques and Argentia Primarily French Settlements at Port au Port “L’Anse aux Meadows” only record of Viking settlement on North American continent Famous Iceberg Alley Ferry departure for Labrador at Lewisporte (42 hr to Goose Bay) Gander Airport – 1st North America arrival point for USA war heroes Amelia Earhart departed from Harbour Grace St. John’s is capital of Province Mistaken Point, Ediacaran Fossils Cape St. Mary’s Ecological Reserve 3 4 5 6 2 7 1 8 1 9 What an advertising brochure! Look at the faces of these kids!! 10

  13. ST. JOHN’S – ICEBERGS

  14. GEOGRAPHY Greenland 975 mi Ottawa 1,080 mi Washington 1,330 mi Ireland 1,930 mi Spain 2,140 mi Austin 2,610 mi

  15. MOUNTAIN RANGES Long Range Mountains Newfoundland APPALACHIAN MOUNTAINS Lewis “Hills” Anguille Mountains Annieopsquotch Mountains

  16. PHYSIOGRAPHIC REGIONS

  17. WEATHER 48 40 32 Inches 24 16 8

  18. HISTORY

  19. NEWFOUNDLAND HISTORY • First inhabitants: Beothuk Indians • 999 to 1001 - Permanent Norse settlement known as Vinland & Leifr Eiriksson • 1006 - First contact with Norsemen at L’Anse aux Meadows • 1497 - John Cabot expedition • 1583 - Sir H. Gilbert claimed Newfoundland for England • 1610 - first year-round settlers; Portuguese, Spanish, French & English in 17th century

  20. NEWFOUNDLAND HISTORY • 1763 - The Treaty of Paris definitively awarded Newfoundland and Labrador to Great Britain. • 1832 Representative government was introduced and parliamentary government in 1855. • 1930s- During the Depression Britain suspended Newfoundland's self-government and assumed administrative and financial control. • 1949 it became Canada's 10th province

  21. DEMOGRAPHICS The largest ethnic groups in Newfoundland and Labrador are: English (39.4%) Irish (19.7%) Scottish (6.0%) French (5.5%) First Nations (3.2%)

  22. 3 SPECIFIC INDUSTRIES • Cod Fishing • Hibernia Oil Platform • Mining & Minerals

  23. Industy No. 1 COD FISHING

  24. NEWFOUNDLAND’S COD FISHING INDUSTRY A Newfoundland industry gone forever?...

  25. WHAT’S A COD FISH? • Cod is a ground fish that lives and feeds off of shallow ocean banks around the world • the Atlantic variety, or Gadusmorhua, is best known to fish lovers around the world thanks to its peerless white flesh, which is almost fat-free and boasts a flaky texture when cooked • Other outstanding feature: unsightly appendage that hangs from its lower lip (It's believed that this helps the fish navigate its way along the ocean floor) • as a protein commodity, cod has been called 'the beef of the sea.’

  26. NEWFOUNDLAND’S COD FISHING INDUSTRY • Massive quantities of cod fish were discovered off Newfoundland in the late 15th century • Subsistence fishing was carried out by the English, French, Spanish, & Portuguese for centuries without problems • 1951 “factory fishing trawlers” appeared just 12 mi off the coast of NFLD • Factory trawlers catch 2-3X what all the small fishermen could catch (250k vs 800k tons/yr) • By 1976, legislation kept the trawlers no closer than 200 mi offshore but it was too late.

  27. NEWFOUNDLAND’S COD FISHING INDUSTRY • By then the Soviet Union had 400 factory trawlers on the high seas. Japan 125, Spain 75, West Germany 50, France and Britain, 40, and dozens more were operated by Eastern Bloc nations • Seines 1.2 miles in diameter encircle whole shoals of fish: basically just strip-mining the sea • Adult Cod (Spawning biomass) decreased by 75% in all stocks, 90% in 3 of 6 cod stocks and 99% in “northern cod” • Industry completely collapsed in 1992 and a moratorium on fishing was declared • After 10 years, the cod population has not returned. It is believed that the local eco-system has irreversibly changed.

  28. NEWFOUNDLAND’S COD FISHING INDUSTRY 2005 Univ of Michigan Study concluded: “…Restoring the cod stock to what it once was in the past is now believed to be simply impossible. Commercial extinction came as a shock to Canadian fishermen and trawlers worldwide. Through this extremely depressing occurrence, nature was mistreated and ultimately taken for granted.” The REALLY bad news? Major international study in 2006 notes: “about one-third of ALL fishing stocks worldwide have collapsed and that if current trends continue… all fish stocks worldwide will collapse within fifty years” 1951 Factory Fishing Trawlers Arrived but very slowly TRUE?

  29. NEWFOUNDLAND’S COD FISHING INDUSTRY By Mark Kurlansky

  30. Industy No. 2 HIBERNIA OIL FIELD

  31. HIBERNIA OIL FIELD • Located 190 mi. east of St. John’s in 260 ft. water depth • Approx 3 Billion barrels of OIP; 1.2 billion recoverable of light sweet crude • Started Production in 1997 after 10 yrs of Government negotiations • Produces 160,000 bopd; 667 million barrels thru 2009 • Operated by ExxonMobil; owned by ExxonMobil (33%), Chevron (27%), Suncor (20%), Canadian Gov’t (8.5%), Murphy Oil(6.5%), Norsk Hydro (5%) HIBERNIA

  32. HIBERNIA OIL FIELD • Designed to withstand collision with 1-million ton iceberg (1:500yrs event) with no damage and a direct hit from a 6-million ton iceberg (1:10,000yr event) with repairable damage • 450,000 ton gravity based structure (GBS) – 346ft dia. concrete caisson surrounded by a 5ft thick “icewall” with 16 “teeth” to breakup colliding ice • Caisson is closed on top and bottom; inside is storage for 1.3 million bbl oil • 4-17ft dia. shafts run thru the caisson; filled with support equip. • Accommodations for 185 workers • Total weight is over 1 million TONS!

  33. HIBERNIA OIL FIELD HIBERNIA Emergency Evacuation capsules Working Cranes (2) Heliport Drilling Rigs (2) Gravity Base (450,000 tons) Flare Boom Drilling & Production Modules Accommodations hotel

  34. HIBERNIA OIL FIELD – ICEBERG MANAGEMENT http://www.habeeb.com/iceberg.photos.1.html

  35. HIBERNIA OIL FIELD – ICEBERG MANAGEMENT

  36. HIBERNIA OIL FIELD – ICEBERG MANAGEMENT ICEBERG MANAGEMENT Lasso’ed iceberg ACTIVE PASSIVE • Gravity based platform’s resistance to movement due to enormous weight • concrete coated pipelines • Subsurface well control valves allowing well to be sheared off with minimal damage • 24 hr radar surveillance • Airborne surveillance • Satellite photos • Real time wind & ocean current info • Side scan sonar • Iceberg trajectory modeling software • Iceberg trajectory adjustment using support ships Number of ships involved depends on size of berg

  37. Industy No. 3 MINING & MINERALS

  38. NEWFOUNDLAND MINING • Existing Mines • Antimony • Barite • Copper • Granite • Gypsum • Gold • Limestone • Peat • Slate • Zinc • Future Mines • Copper-Gold • Fluorspar • Granite • Prophyllite • Peat

  39. NEWFOUNDLAND POTENTIAL MINERALS

  40. NEWFOUNDLAND BAND OF COPPER ORE

  41. NEWFOUNDLAND BAND OF COPPER ORE Fault Offset

  42. GEOLOGIC OVERVIEW

  43. GENERALIZED INTERPRETIVE MAP ISLAND FORMATION OVERVIEW

  44. GENERALIZED INTERPRETIVE MAP ISLAND FORMATION OVERVIEW

  45. GENERALIZED INTERPRETIVE MAP ISLAND FORMATION OVERVIEW Humber Dunnage Gander Avalon

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