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AGRICHEMICAL POISONS

AGRICHEMICAL POISONS. Organo phosphorous comp Chlorinate compounds eg ddt . endrin Coal-tar product naphthalene. Herbicide - paraquet Metallic compounds aluminium , zinc phosphide. Aryl phosphates Alkyl phosphates. ORGANOPHOSPHOROUS COMPOUNDS. i . Aryl phosphates

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AGRICHEMICAL POISONS

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  1. AGRICHEMICAL POISONS • Organo phosphorous comp • Chlorinate compounds egddt. endrin • Coal-tar product naphthalene. • Herbicide -paraquet • Metallic compounds aluminium, zinc phosphide • Aryl phosphates • Alkyl phosphates

  2. ORGANOPHOSPHOROUS COMPOUNDS i. Aryl phosphates ii.Alkyl phosphates A. ALKYL Phosphates . Malathion . Hexaethyltetraphosphate (HETP) . Tetraethyl pyrophosphate (TEPP) . Octamethylpyrophosphoramide (OMPA)

  3. B. ARYL Phosphates i. Parathion (Folidol) ii. Diazinon (Tik-20) Mode of Action: Poisoning occurs from a. Inhalation b. Ingestion c. Absorption through unbroken skin

  4. Powerful inhibitors of cholinesterase 1.Myoneural junctions 2.Synapses of ganglions Accumulation of Ach, hyperexcitation of 1. Voluntary Muscles 2. Involuntary muscles

  5. Signs & Symptoms: The effects are • Muscarine like • Nicotine like • On CNS

  6. MUSCARINE LIKE EFFECTS • Respiratory System: • Tightness & wheeze in chest. • Excessive secretion, pain in chest, dyspnoea, cough, pulmonary oedema, froth from the mouth and nose • Symptoms like asthma

  7. ii. GIT: Nausea, vomiting, dyspepsia abdominal cramps, diarrhea • Sweat, lacrimal & salivary glands: Increased secretions • Heart: Bradycardia • Pupils: Miosis • Urinary Bladder: Frequency of micturation, involuntary micturation

  8. SLUD • The prominent symptoms are SLUD • Salivation • Lacrimation • Urination • Dafaecation

  9. II. NICOTINE LIKE EFFECTS • Striated muscles: Easy fatigue, cramps, weakness of muscles of respiration with dyspnoea & cyanosis • Sympathetic ganglia:pallor,increased BP

  10. iii. ON CNS • Irritability • Restlessness • Fibrillary tremors • Mental confusions & coma • Coma with depression of circulatory & respiratory centres

  11. Chromogenic tears Red tears may be shed due to accumulation of porphyrin in lacrimal glands

  12. TREATMENT • Decontamination: Dr. & paramedical staff should wear rubber gloves. • The pt is removed from the area & remove all contaminated clothes. • The exposed areas are washed with water, soap or mild alkaline sol. • Stomach should be washed with or without KMno4

  13. 2. Care of Airways • Foot end of the patient is raised • Aspiration of secretions • Sometime tracheostomy • Artificial respiration if required

  14. 3. Antidotes a. Atropine blocks the peripheral (muscarinic) action of the excessive acetyl choline but central neuromuscular actions are unaffected. It is administered 2mg I/v or I/m every 15-30 minutes till signs of atropinisation occurs. Maximum dose 12 mg.

  15. b. Cholinesterase Reactivators: Oxime compounds, protopam (Pralidoxime chloride), pralidoxine iodide & PAM (Pyridine Aldoxy methiodate).. Dose 1-2 gm I/v, 25-50mg/ kg for children.

  16. 4. Diuretic 5. Barbiturates,Dizepam PM appearance . Kerosine like smell . Demylination of ascending and descending spinal tracts,degene- -ration of motor horn cells

  17. MEDICO-LEGAL ASPECT • They resist putrefaction & can be detected in exhumed body. • They are used as pesticides vermicides, rodenticides, so easily available & used for suicide. • Accidental cases occur in workers, working infield, handling with sprayed fruit.

  18. ii. CHLORINATED COMPOUNDS • They are synthetised from dichloropropene (DD). The important poisons in this group are D.D.T, endrin, gammexane, dieldrin. Endrin: • Most toxic • Chlorinated • Called ‘plant penicillin’

  19. Structure of Endrin

  20. Signs and Symptoms Toxic effects are due to inhalation,skin contamination,ingestion. • Salivation • Vomiting,abdo pain • Tremors,convulsions • Dysponea • Fine white froth

  21. PARAQUAT (Gramoxone) • Sprayed on unwanted weeds • Inactivated when in contact with soil Signs/symptoms: • Irritant to all epithelial tissues • Eroded lips,mouth,esop. • Blood stained vomiting & stools • Liver damage

  22. ALMUNIUM PHOSPHIDE: • Pesticide/rodenticide • Used in dowry deaths • Toxic effects are due to liberation of phosphine gas when Al.phosphide comes in contact with gastric juice

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