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Communication in Nursing

Communication in Nursing. Therapeutic vs. Nontherapeutic. Levels of Communication. Intrapersonal Interpersonal Transpersonal Small-Group Public. Basic Elements of Communication Process. Referent Sender and Receiver Message Channels Feedback. Forms of Communication Verbal.

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Communication in Nursing

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  1. Communication in Nursing Therapeutic vs. Nontherapeutic

  2. Levels of Communication • Intrapersonal • Interpersonal • Transpersonal • Small-Group • Public

  3. Basic Elements of Communication Process • Referent • Sender and Receiver • Message • Channels • Feedback

  4. Forms of CommunicationVerbal • Vocabulary • Denotative and Connotative Meaning • Pacing • Intonation • Clarity and Brevity • Timing and Relevance

  5. Forms of CommunicationNonverbal • Personal Appearance • Posture & Gait • Facial Expressions • Eye Contact • Gestures • Territoriality and Personal Space

  6. Zones of Personal Space and Touch • Intimate (0-18 inches) • Personal (18 in to 4 ft) • Social (4-12 ft) • Public (over 12 feet) • Social • Consent • Vulnerable • Intimate

  7. Professional Nursing Relationships • Nurse-Patient Helping Relationships • Nurse-Family Relationships • Nurse-Health Care team Relationships • Nurse-Community Realtionships

  8. Phases of the Helping Relationship • Preinteraction Phase • Orientation Phase • Working Phase • Termination Phase

  9. Elements of Professional Communication • Courtesy • Use of Names • Privacy and Confidentiality • Trustworthiness • Autonomy and Responsibility • Assertiveness

  10. Therapeutic Communication Techniques • Active Listening (SOLER) • Sharing Observations • Shared Empathy • Sharing Hope • Sharing Humor • Sharing Feelings • Use of touch

  11. Therapeutic Communication Techniques Using Silence Asking Relevant Questions Paraphrasing Clarifying Focusing Summarizing Self-Disclosure Confrontation

  12. Non-Therapeutic Communication Techniques • Asking personal questions • Giving personal opinions • Changing the subject • Automatic responses • False Assurance • Sympathy • Asking for Explanations

  13. Non-Therapeutic Communication Techniques • Approval or Disapproval • Defensive Responses • Passive or Aggressive Responses • Arguing

  14. Special Needs Communication • Clients who cannot speak clearly (Aphasia, Muteness) • Clients who are cognitively impaired • Clients who are unresponsive • Language barriers • Hearing Difficulties • Children

  15. Developmental Aspects of Communication • Infants • Toddlers & preschoolers • School age children • Adolescents

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