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The English Civil War

The English Civil War. HENRY VIII. Henry VIII creates the Church of England (WHY ?) with Parliament’s help

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The English Civil War

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  1. The English Civil War

  2. HENRY VIII • Henry VIII creates the Church of England (WHY?) with Parliament’s help • Henry VIII is married 6 times (has 3 surviving children - Mary, Elizabeth, Edward) • Upon his death, Edward takes the throne (very Protestant!)

  3. After Edward dies, Mary becomes queen of England (very Catholic!) • Mary dies without an heir; Elizabeth (Protestant) becomes queen

  4. Queen Elizabeth I • Makes England a Protestant country • Solidifies ties to Scotland& Ireland • Made England one of the most powerful nations in Europe

  5. England’s Religious Rollercoaster! Henry VIII - Catholic Henry VIII- Protestant Edward VI - Protestant Queen Mary-Catholic Elizabeth I- Protestant

  6. Queen Elizabeth I • Makes England a Protestant country • Solidifies ties to Scotland& Ireland • Made England one of the most powerful nations in Europe

  7. Pretty cool that I’m James VI of Scotland AND James I of England! James I • When Elizabeth dies, the Tudor Dynasty ends (why?) • James (VI) I of Scotland(her cousin) becomes king; begins the Stuart Dynasty • Trouble ahead….

  8. James I • Trouble started when James Itook the throne after Elizabeth died • Believed he had divine right • His greatest weakness: • always asking Parliament for money to fund his extravagant lifestyle ; What is Parliament? • Parliament and the people were not always happy with his foreign policy

  9. James I & Religion • James was head of church and state • The Puritansfelt there was still too much Catholic influence in the Church of England and wanted to “purify” it • James refused reforms except for new translation of bible • James felt criticism of the church meant you were not a loyal subject and you should leave

  10. Charles I (1625-1649)

  11. Charles I & Abuse of Power • Charles I, Son of James, he also believed in divine right, opposed Puritans and married a Catholic • Repeatedly asked Parliament for money • When a request for money was denied he: • Put areas under martial law • Dissolved Parliament • Quartered troops in private homes

  12. Charles I & Abuse of Power • Parliament got fed up and the next time the king asked for money, they made him sign the Petition of Right • Said the King WILL NOT: • Imprison unlawfully • House troops in private homes • Pass taxes without Parliament’s approval • Charles signed it to get his money…but then ignored it & dissolved Parliament again! • Ruled for 11 years as an absolute ruler!

  13. Charles I & Religion • Charles persecuted Puritans • Thousands of Puritans went on to seek religious freedom in the American colonies • Charles further angered Scotland when he tried to force Anglican prayer on them • They were prepared to defend their freedom…

  14. ENGLISH CIVIL WAR The English Civil War

  15. Beginnings of War • The Scots invaded England and the Irish rebelled over the practice of land grants • Charles was in desperate need of money • He was forced to call Parliament back and they were determined to limit his power • Charles refused to agree to their demands and both sides prepared for war!

  16. English Civil War • Cavaliers- those who supported Charles I; nobles and landowners from north • Roundheads- supporters of Parliament and Puritans; came from south • Roundheads were led by • Oliver Cromwell • 4yrs of conflict • Parliament won and Charles was executed

  17. The Beheading of Charles I

  18. Oliver Cromwell Rules • After Charles I was executed the Monarchy & the House of Lords were abolished • Oliver Cromwell was made Lord Protector of England • Cromwell placed England under militaryrule…

  19. Oliver Cromwell Rules • Crushed the Irish rebellion • Strict morality – abolished theater, sporting events, drinking, dancing, & even Christmas celebrations! • When he died, people wanted a change & restored the monarch under Charles II

  20. Horrible Histories • English Civil War Song • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tl0LL6yWGRU • English Civil War News Report • http://moodle.llanishen.cardiff.sch.uk/mod/resource/view.php?id=5273

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