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By: Melissa Carter Resources

By: Melissa Carter Resources. Organic Chemistry – the basic. Grade level: 11 Content area: Organic Chemistry

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By: Melissa Carter Resources

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  1. By: Melissa Carter Resources

  2. Organic Chemistry – the basic • Grade level: 11 • Content area: Organic Chemistry • Academic Content Standards: Classify molecules based on their functional group and know their chemical structures and properties (with specific reference to alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, amines, esters, and ethers). • Explanation: There are short quizzes in this power point but also the students will be answering questions that I ask during this presentation.

  3. Menu

  4. Organic Chemistry What is organic chemistry? Are carbon compounds Mainly covalent bonds Generally nonelectrolytes Low melting/boiling points Usually combustible Has many atoms Examples are sugar, methane, and aspirin

  5. What is an Alkyl group? • It is a group that takes the place a hydrogen atom in the parent molecule. • A parent molecule tells how many carbons there are an alkyl.

  6. Alkyls and prefixes • Methyl C • Ethyl C2 • Propyl C3 • Butyl C4 • Pentyl C5 • Hexyl C6 • Heptyl C7 • Octyl C8 • Nonyl C9 • Decyl C10 • Di = 2 • Tri= 3 • tetra = 4

  7. Alkane Rules • Find largest continuous chain of carbon in a molecule • Number the carbons in the main chain, so the branched off groups have the lowest numbers • Add the numbers so that you are able to identify the hydrogen’s position on the chain • Use prefixes to indicate the appearance of a group more than once in the structure • Alphabetize the groups coming off • Add punctuation: • Commas – separate the numbers • Hyphens – separate numbers and words

  8. Video

  9. Example 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 C – C – C – C – C – C – C – C I II C CC I C 5-ethyl – 6,7 dimethyl octane

  10. Explanation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 C – C – C – C – C – C – C – C I I I C C C I C 5-ethyl – 6,7 dimethyl octane • Octane is the parent function • Methyl has only one carbon and since there are two sets of methyl, you just put the prefix di in front of the methyl. Then you just put the numbers the in front of your prefix. • Ethyl has 2 carbons attached to it. • You use biggest number of C’s first and then go to least amount

  11. Alkenes • Has a double bonded carbon (C C) • Naming: • Longest chain, must contain a double bond • -ane changes to –ene • Double bond gets lowest number • Example: 1 2 3 4 2,3 dimethyl – 2 – hexene C – C C – C I II C CC5 l C 6

  12. Alkyne • Has a triple bond (C C) • Naming: • Triple bond gets lower number • Main chain must contain the triple bond • Change –ane to -yne C C I I • C – C C – C – C – C I I C C I C 4-ethyl – 4,5,5- trimethyl – 2 hexyne

  13. First Quiz Single, double, or triple bonded: • Alkyne: • Alkane: • Alkene: Answers: a. triple, b. single, c. double Name the chain: C I C – C = C – C – C – C – C I II C CC I C Answer: 4- ethyl 1,1,5 trimethyl 2 heptene

  14. Rings • In the shape of how many C’s there are • Would still use the –ane, -ene, or –yne depending upon how many bonds, but would need to add cyclo- to the front. **Each corner represents a “C” 12 63 54 1 - cylcohexene

  15. Benzene can be represented by: or When they are the main chain they are called benzene BUT if they are in a croup that comes off then it is called Phenyl

  16. Halogens • Br – bromo • Cl – Chloro • F – fluoro • I – iodio **Is located in family 7 on the periodic table. 1- bromo – 3 – chloro - benzene

  17. Periodic table They are also natural gases

  18. Final Name: A. C – C – C – C = C – C I II C Fl C B. C – C – C – C I C. Make this: 3 – chloro – 3, 5 diethyl – 4 Pentane Answers: • 4 – fluoro - 3, 5 – di methyl – 2 hexene • 2 – phenyl butane Cl I C – C – C – C – C I I C C I I C C C.

  19. Mind relaxer

  20. Resources/References • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rZ2zpzv4IsI • http://www.abcte.org/drupal/teach/chemistry-standards • Book: Essentials of General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry by: Melvin T. Armold • Clip art for audio • All written information was from myself (expect the content standards and what organic chemistry was) • Most images were from clip art and a few were from Google.

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