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Exploring Text Clouds: A Novel Approach to Document Visualization

This work delves into the concept of text clouds as innovative interfaces for document visualization. While tag clouds utilize user-generated keywords for classification, text clouds algorithmically extract focal points from a document's content, representing them as peaks and valleys. This paper analyzes the potential of text clouds as navigable interfaces that can enhance the user experience by providing contextual meaning and improving findability. The study also discusses the transition from hierarchical navigation structures to more fluid, tag-based methodologies.

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Exploring Text Clouds: A Novel Approach to Document Visualization

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  1. Meaningful Clouds: Towards a novel interface for document visualizationDan WattersHCI TopicsDePaul University HCI 594

  2. Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address • A text cloud as a method of visualizing a document? • Hmm… I’ve heard a little about tag clouds… but what is a text cloud? • Visualize a document – isn’t it just text? HCI 594

  3. Popular web 2.0 social bookmarking websites such as Flikr, Delicious, and Connotea, apply user-generated keywords or “tags” in a flat, non-hierarchical manner known as “folksonomy” to their collective content in order to provide contextual meaning and improve findability. HCI 594

  4. Tags • A tag is a (relevant) keyword or term associated with or assigned to a piece of information (like picture, article, or video clip), thus describing the item and enabling keyword-based classification of information it is applied to. • Tags are usually chosen informally and personally by the author/creator or the consumer of the item • Tag classification, and the concept of connecting sets of tags between web/blog servers, has lead to the rise of folksonomy classification • Tags are important mainly for what they leave out. By forgoing formal classification, tags enable a huge amount of user-produced organizational value, at vanishingly small cost. HCI 594

  5. Folksonomy/Tag-based Classification • Flat • No levels, order, or explicit relationships • Not Exclusive • An item can be associated to many tags • Bottom-up • Created by users HCI 594

  6. Tag Cloud • Just Links (There Is No File system) if you've got enough links, you don't need the hierarchy anymore. HCI 594

  7. Taxonomy/Classical Classification • Hierarchical • Parent/child relationship • Exclusive • The same item can not be in two distinct categories • Top-down • Established by an expert authority HCI 594

  8. Classical File System • Hierarchy. There's a top level, and subdirectories roll up under that. Subdirectories contain files or further subdirectories and so on, all the way down. HCI 594

  9. Folksonomic Philosophy 101 • Users can create a better, more extendable experience for themselves by working together through a collaborative, social framework rather than enduring a structured set of rules governing how we think and act provided by a set of experts. • Tag Clouds = The collective users define the framework for collaboration and organization • Text Clouds = A framework is automatically extracted from document content via algorithmic simulation of the bottom-up folksonomic process. HCI 594

  10. Visualizing a Tag Cloud The tag is the focal point of interest for a shared collection of users (often known as the semantic landscape). Frequency-of-Occurrence is used to measure the “weight” or relative importance of a tag HCI 594

  11. Tag Clouds: "A New User Interface?" • We're seeing "a new user interface evolving out of tag data," • For context, tag clouds can be placed within a continuum of the evolution of web navigation, from list views to the new tag-based navigation emerging now. HCI 594

  12. Navigable information based on tags instead of rigid list hierarchy… A web page utilizing tag-based navigation (tag cloud as user interface) Classic hierarchical list HCI 594

  13. Could tag-clouds replace navigation menus? Is this a good idea? http://83degrees.com/# even del.icio.us and flickr have a basic website perma-navigation HCI 594

  14. A Camera Obscura For the Semantic Landscape • I've come to think of a tag cloud as something like the flat image produced by a camera obscura. • Where the camera obscura renders a real-world landscape, a tag cloud shows a semantic landscape like those created by Amber Frid-Jimenez at MIT. HCI 594

  15. Amber Frid-Jiminez The mountain peaks represent the tagged focus points of the semantic landscape HCI 594

  16. In a text cloud, the focal points are viewed as nodes… extracted key phrases from the document content. The phrases have no relation to each other – only their connection as a subset of the document as a whole. HCI 594

  17. A document can be seen as a series of peaks and valleys… with each peak representing a focal node – i.e. the most important extracted key phrases and their corresponding associated content. (The more important the key phrase… the taller the mountain peak!) HCI 594

  18. CloudMine: a proposed tool for visualizing document meaning… HCI 594

  19. CloudMine can be compared conceptually to Google Maps. The Categorizer provides a frame of reference such as a particular Nation, State, or geographic location, while the Summarizer represents an overview, or in our map analogy the “lay of the land” depicting a view of the map. Lastly, the extracted key phrases can be compared to geographic points-of-interest such as restaurants, gas stations, or a particular address. HCI 594

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