WHAT IS INSIDE A CELL?

1. WHAT IS INSIDE A CELL? ORGANELLES CYTOPLASM AND DNA!!!

2. Examples of Cells Amoeba Proteus Plant Stem Bacteria Red Blood Cell Nerve Cell

3. Two Types of Cells Prokaryotic Eukaryotic

4. Prokaryotic • Do not have organelles • Few internal structures: cell membrane and cytoplasm • No Nucleus • One-celled organisms, Bacteria http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/prokaryotic_cells.html

5. Eukaryotic • Almost all multicellular organisms are eukaryotic • Cells are larger and more complex than prokaryotic cells. • Has genetic material inside of nucleus Plant Animal http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/eukaryotic_cells.html

6. Cell Structure & FunctionContain organelles surrounded by membranesMost living organisms http://koning.ecsu.ctstateu.edu/cell/cell.html

7. “Typical” Animal Cell http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~acarpi/NSC/images/cell.gif

8. “Typical” Plant Cell http://waynesword.palomar.edu/images/plant3.gif

9. Cell Parts Organelles

10. Surrounding the Cell

11. Cell Membrane • Outer membrane of cell that controls movement in and out of the cell • Double layer • Protective covering that encloses the entire cell http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

12. Cell Wall • Most commonly found in plant cells & bacteria • Supports & protects cells http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

13. Inside the Cell

14. Nucleus • Directs cell activities • Separated from cytoplasm by nuclear membrane • Contains genetic material - DNA

15. Cytoplasm • Gel-like mixture • Surrounded by cell membrane • Contains hereditary material • Most of the work of the cell is carried out here • Scanning electron micrograph of a fracture of nerve cells. The central nucleus and surrounding cytoplasm are visible

16. Endoplasmic Reticulum • Moves materials around in cell • Manufactures parts of the cell membrane http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

17. Vesicles • Transports processed materials to the Golgi Apparatus • Part of the broken off endoplasmic reticulum

18. Ribosomes • Each cell contains thousands • Uses information from the nucleus to build proteins http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

19. Mitochondria • Uses oxygen to produce energy from processing food, mostly sugars through chemical reactions - breaking down fats & carbohydrates • Recycles and decomposes proteins, fats, and carbohydrates http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

20. Golgi Bodies • Takes materials man- ufactured by the e.r., and finishes processing them. • Move materials within and in or out of the cell • Folded membranes looks like stack of pancakes http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

21. Lysosome • Containes wates andstores and breaks down nutrients ~ digestive 'plant' for proteins, fats, and carbohydrates • Transports undigested material to cell membrane for removal • Cell breaks down if lysosome explodes http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

22. Vacuoles • Membrane-bound sacs for storage, digestion, and waste removal • Contains water solution • Help plants maintain shape http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

23. Chloroplast • Usually found in plant cells • Contains green chlorophyll • Where photosynthesis takes place http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html