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Principles of Design

Design is all about individuality! No one will ever have the same design concept for one plan. Your own ideas and feelings go into your design. Creativity is key. But remember, the homeowner is the boss! If they don’t like it you might have to change it.

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Principles of Design

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  1. Principles of Design

  2. Individuality • Design is all about Individuality! • No one will ever have the same design concept for one plan. • Your own ideas and feelings go into your design. • Creativity is key. • But remember, the homeowner is the boss! If they don’t like it you might have to change it.

  3. Elements & Principles • Serve as structures and guidelines for design development. • Elements are tools used to accomplish principles in a project. • Elements = mechanics • Principles = concepts

  4. Elements • Line • Form • Texture • Color

  5. Focalization Proportion & Scale Balance Order & Unity Repetition Rhythm & Sequence Interconnection Principles

  6. Elements

  7. Line • Causes physical and/or visual movement. • Leads the eyes through the landscaped space. • Defines space. • Lines are used in all aspects of the landscape. • Steer physical or visual movement directly through the environment.

  8. Construct Lines… • By using contrasting plant materials • By forming patterns with similar plant materials • Examples – Ground patterns, Edges of contrasting plant materials, and Tree tops meeting the sky

  9. Lines cont’d • Straight lines – formality or a contemporary concept • Intersecting lines – hesitation, change of view or direction, or a pause • Curved lines – relaxed, slower movement; casual & informal concept

  10. Straight Lines

  11. Curved Lines

  12. Form • 2 or 3 – Dimensional shape and structure of an object or space. • Form is Line surrounding Space. • Air space created by two plant materials set side by side is also an expression of form. • Trees are good examples of form.

  13. Common Forms • Round • Conical • Oval • Weeping • Horizontal • Upright

  14. Forms cont’d • Tailored plants and shrubs = formal design • Irregular or natural forms = informal design

  15. Texture • Surface quality of any plant material or structure in the landscape. • Texture is relative. • Comparison is how we determine texture in a landscape. • One plant might be fine in certain surroundings but in others course. • Examples – Smooth, Rough, Shiny, or Dull.

  16. Texture cont’d • Fine texture = eyes move easy • Course texture = focus eyes

  17. Color • Light is the source of color • Color is visible wavelengths • White is all light • Black is the absence of light • The color you see is the reflected wavelength

  18. Color • Color Wheel • Primary colors • Red, yellow, blue • Secondary colors • Primary + Primary • Violet, green, orange • Tertiary colors • Primary + Secondary • Name begins with Primary • Red-orange, yellow-green YELLOW RED BLUE

  19. Color cont’d • Hue – pure color • Tint (pastel) – add white & decrease the value • Tone – add gray • Shade – add black • Warm colors – yellow, red, orange = excitement • Cool colors – blue and green = calm

  20. Principles

  21. Focalization • Visual break in the sequence and flow of the landscape. • Focal Point – point or area that attracts the eye • Without it the eye is lost and confused. • A designer should create a strong and effective focal point. • Use elements to create the focal point

  22. Focalization • Can be created by varying sizes of plants. • Texture can be useful • Minor focal points can be used to lead the eye to the main focal point • Color can create a focal point on a site with great depth. • What color might you use for the focal point?

  23. Proportion & Scale • Proportion – relationship among components of landscape. • Tree to tree, shrub to shrub, tree to shrub • Scale – relationship among components of landscape to house. • Tall tree to squatty house – not good

  24. Out – of – scale

  25. In – scale

  26. Balance Symmetrical

  27. Balance Asymmetrical

  28. Order & Unity • Order – overall organization, skeleton • Unity – harmonious relationship among all elements of the design

  29. Repetition • Repeating or using an element more than once throughout a design. • Provides a common feature throughout the design that pulls the design together.

  30. Rhythm & Sequence • The apparent flow of lines, textures, and colors that express a feeling of motion rather than confusion. • Keeps the eye moving smoothly. • Create R & S with elements

  31. Interconnection • Produces unity in the design • Components physically linked together • Examples – a row of shrubs, lines of tulips

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