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Review

Review. What was Jewish life like prior to the partition of Poland What is the Pale of Settlement? What was Tsar Nicolas I’s plan for dealing with the Jewish Problem? What were some ways he accomplished it? What was the Haskalah? How did Judaism change religiously in Eastern Europe?.

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Review

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  1. Review • What was Jewish life like prior to the partition of Poland • What is the Pale of Settlement? • What was Tsar Nicolas I’s plan for dealing with the Jewish Problem? What were some ways he accomplished it? • What was the Haskalah? • How did Judaism change religiously in Eastern Europe?

  2. East European Jewry Part II

  3. Anti-Semitism: Pogroms I • Pogrom: Definition • Russian word for a violent riot, accompanied by pillage and murder, perpetrated by one group against another. Throughout Russian history pogroms occurred between various communities. • In a broader sense, pogrom has come to mean attacks by non-Jewish Russians against the Jews between 1881 and 1921.

  4. Anti- Semitism: Pogroms II • Primary Sources • “The Massacre of Jews at Kishinev” (page 409) • “The City of Slaughter” (page 410) • Additional Discussion Questions • What is different about who is condemned in each document? • What do we learn about this event by looking at more than one document? • Which argument do you agree with? Why?

  5. Anti-Semitism: Blood Libel • Menachem Mendel Beilis (1874-1934) • Non-observant Jew • Soldier & Factory superintendent • Father of 5 • Beilis Trial (1911-1913) • Evidence did not point to Beilis • Outcry from around the world • Beilis tried in 1913 • Acquitted when murderer turns himself in Arrest of Menachem Beilis

  6. Anti-Semitism: Jewish Response I • Emigration from Russia • Causes • Pogroms • Economic Depression • Destinations • America • Israel • South America • Baron De Hirsch (Jewish Colonization Association) • Argentina and Brazil

  7. Anti-Semitism: Jewish Response II • Socialism • Definition – A movement which aims to improve society through collective action and communal ownership of property. • Begins in Western Europe in the 19th Century and spreads to Russia • Industrial Revolution • Jews see in this ideology possibility for a better future.

  8. Anti-Semitism: Jewish Response IIa • Algemeyner arbeter bund in Polyn un Rusland (General Jewish Worker’s Union in Poland and Russia) • Founded in 1897 • Views • Secular political party opposed to traditional Judaism • Sought rights for the proletariat • Sought national-cultural autonomy for Jews • Member of RSDWP • 1912 – sided with Mensheviks • 1921 – joined the Communist Party

  9. Changes in the 20th Century • Similarities and Differences Between the Bund and RSDWP • Bund – Jewish nationalism • RSDWP – Jews are not a nation • March Revolution (1917) • Emancipation of the Jews • Russification continues

  10. Next Class • Mid-term Exam • Need Raspberry Scantron • Multiple Choice, T/F, Extra Credit

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