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Learning Review

Improve your understanding of key learning concepts with this comprehensive flashcard set. Explore terms related to observational learning, conditioning, reinforcement, and more.

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Learning Review

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  1. Learning Review Flashcards for Terms on the Test

  2. Definition • The type of learning that occurs when a person observes and imitates others is called…

  3. Answer • Observational Learning

  4. Definition • A response that is natural, automatic, or not learned, is called a(n)…

  5. Answer • Unconditioned Response

  6. Definition • A(n) ___________ reinforcer increases the frequency of the behavior it follows when it is added to the environment.

  7. Answer • Positive Reinforcer

  8. Definition • The method of __________ involves exposing a person to a harmless stimulus until he or she is no longer afraid of it.

  9. Answer • Flooding

  10. Definition • On a ___________ schedule, reinforcements are provided only after a certain number of correct responses have been made.

  11. Answer • Fixed Ratio

  12. Definition • A type of stimulus that was formerly neutral and takes on new meaning by being associated with something else is called a(n)

  13. Answer • Conditioned Stimulus

  14. Definition • This kind of reinforcement occurs when a behavior is reinforced every time it occurs.

  15. Answer • Continuous Reinforcement

  16. Definition • ___________ is the method of teaching complex behaviors by breaking them down into manageable parts.

  17. Answer • Shaping

  18. Definition • A(n) ___________ reinforcer is learned and becomes effective by first being paired with such reinforcers as food and shelter.

  19. Answer • Primary Reinforcer

  20. Definition • Reinforcements are applied with a set amount of time between them on a________ schedule.

  21. Answer • Fixed Interval

  22. Definition • __________ is the learning that occurs while a neutral stimulus is paired with an unconditioned stimulus and it is repeated over and over. The initial learning of new response.

  23. Answer • Acquisition

  24. Definition • Form of classical conditioning in which a food comes to be avoided

  25. Answer • Taste Aversion

  26. Definition • This type of stimulus elicits a response not normally associated with it after being paired with an unconditional stimulus.

  27. Answer • Conditioned Stimulus

  28. Definition • Form of learning by successive approximations. Used to teach animals tricks.

  29. Answer • Shaping

  30. Definition • Act of responding in the same way to stimuli that seem similar. For example, a dog salivates to a bell and to a buzzer with a similar tone.

  31. Answer • Generalization

  32. Definition • Elicits no response before conditioning

  33. Answer • Neutral Stimulus

  34. Definition • Method of overcoming fears by pairing a pleasing stimulus with a feared one.

  35. Answer • Counter conditioning

  36. Definition • A(n) ___________ reinforcer is desired because the animal learns to value it, like praise.

  37. Answer • Secondary Reinforcer

  38. Definition • Method of overcoming fear that involves relaxation and gradual exposure to the feared stimulus

  39. Answer • Systematic Desensitization

  40. Definition • Revival of an extinguished response when the unconditioned stimulus suddenly reappears.

  41. Answer • Spontaneous Recovery

  42. Definition • Form of learning based on the consequences of actions

  43. Answer • Operant Conditioning

  44. Definition • Act of responding differently to stimuli that are not similar. For example, a dog salivates to a bell but not a knock on the wooden door.

  45. Answer • Descrimination

  46. Definition • When a conditioned response stops occurring because the unconditioned stimulus is no longer presented

  47. Answer • Extinction

  48. Definition • Reinforcement that encourages a behavior by meeting an organism's basic biological needs like food, water, or sex drive.

  49. Answer • Primary Reinforcer

  50. Definition • A natural stimulus that causes an automatic response

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