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Earthquakes 101 (EQ101)

Earthquakes 101 (EQ101). USGS Earthquake Hazards Program. Lisa Wald USGS Pasadena. U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey. Global Distribution of Earthquakes. Plate Tectonics. USGS Earthquake Hazards Program. Lisa Wald USGS Pasadena. U.S. Department of the Interior

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Earthquakes 101 (EQ101)

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  1. Earthquakes 101 (EQ101) USGS Earthquake Hazards Program Lisa Wald USGS Pasadena U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey

  2. Global Distribution of Earthquakes

  3. Plate Tectonics USGS Earthquake Hazards Program Lisa Wald USGS Pasadena U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey

  4. Plate Boundaries

  5. Three Types of Faults Strike-Slip Thrust Normal

  6. Strike-slip Fault Example

  7. Strike-slip Fault Example 1906 San Francisco Earthquake

  8. Normal Fault Example Dixie Valley-Fairview Peaks, Nevada earthquake December 16, 1954

  9. Thrust Fault Example

  10. Thrust Fault Example

  11. Rupture on a Fault Total Slip in the M7.3 Landers Earthquake

  12. START  Slip on an earthquake fault Surface of the earth Depth Into the earth 100 km (60 miles) Distance along the fault plane

  13. Slip on an earthquake faultSecond 2.0

  14. Slip on an earthquake faultSecond 4.0

  15. Slip on an earthquake faultSecond 6.0

  16. Slip on an earthquake faultSecond 8.0

  17. Slip on an earthquake faultSecond 10.0

  18. Slip on an earthquake faultSecond 12.0

  19. Slip on an earthquake faultSecond 14.0

  20. Slip on an earthquake faultSecond 16.0

  21. Slip on an earthquake faultSecond 18.0

  22. Slip on an earthquake faultSecond 20.0

  23. Slip on an earthquake faultSecond 22.0

  24. Slip on an earthquake faultSecond 24.0

  25. Bigger Faults Make Bigger Earthquakes

  26. Bigger Earthquakes Last a Longer Time

  27. What Controls the Level of Shaking? • Magnitude • More energy released • Distance • Shaking decays with distance • Local soils • amplify the shaking

  28. Is there such a thing as “Earthquake Weather”??? No!

  29. Earthquake Effects - Ground Shaking Northridge, CA 1994

  30. Earthquake Effects -Ground Shaking Northridge, CA 1994

  31. Earthquake Effects - Ground Shaking Loma Prieta, CA 1989 KGO-TV News ABC-7

  32. Earthquake Effects - Ground Shaking Kobe, Japan 1995

  33. Earthquake Effects - Ground Shaking Kobe, Japan 1995

  34. Earthquake Effects - Surface Faulting Landers, CA 1992

  35. Earthquake Effects - Liquefaction Source: National Geophysical Data Center Niigata, Japan 1964

  36. Earthquake Effects - Landslides Source: National Geophysical Data Center Turnagain Heights, Alaska,1964 (upper left inset); Santa Cruz Mtns, California , 1989

  37. Earthquake Effects - Fires Loma Prieta, CA 1989 KGO-TV News ABC-7

  38. Earthquake Effects - Tsunamis 1957 Aleutian Tsunami Photograph Credit: Henry Helbush. Source: National Geophysical Data Center

  39. Seismic Waves

  40. Earthquake Magnitude M5 M6 M7

  41. Earthquake Location

  42. The San Andreas Fault

  43. Pacific-North American Plate Boundary

  44. Will California eventually fall into the ocean??? No!

  45. Faultsof SouthernCalifornia Source: SCEC Data Center

  46. Shaking Hazard in Southern California

  47. Faults in Our Local Area - Arcadia Sierra Madre Fault Zone THRUST fault 55 KM long Last ruptured in last 10,000 YEARS SLIP RATE: between 0.36 and 4 mm/yr PROBABLE MAGNITUDES: MW6.0 - 7.0 (?) Dips to the north Source: SCEC Data Center

  48. Faults in Our Local Area - Arcadia Raymond Fault STRIKE-SLIP fault 26 KM long Last ruptured in last 10,000 YEARS SLIP RATE: between 0.10 and 0.22 mm/yr PROBABLE MAGNITUDES: MW6.0 - 7.0 Dips to the north Source: SCEC Data Center At least eight surface-rupturing events have occurred along this fault in the last 36,000 years

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