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Analogies

Analogies. What are they?. An Analogy shows the relationship between a pair of words. An analogy is set up like this: A:B::C:D The relationship between A and B is the same as the relationship between C and D.

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Analogies

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  1. Analogies What are they?

  2. An Analogy shows the relationship between a pair of words. • An analogy is set up like this: A:B::C:D • The relationship between A and B is the same as the relationship between C and D. • For Example: calf : cow :: chick: hen(a calf is a baby cow and a chick is a baby hen)

  3. A trick to solving an Analogy is to create a sentence that states the relationship between the first pair of words. • Example: Wealthy : poor:: selfish : _______________________ • A. rich • B. greedy • C. generous • D. needy • If a person is wealthy, he is not poor. • Use the same sentence for the second part of the analogy. • If a person is selfish, he is not ___________. • C is the answer. If a person is selfish, he is not generous.

  4. Sometimes only one word in an analogy is missing and you must choose the missing word. • shatter : break:: mend : ___________. • A. repair • B. drop • C. place • D. broken • Remember to think of a sentence to help you find the relationship between the words. • If you shatter something you break it. • If you mend something you _________ it.

  5. On some tests a pair of words in an analogy is missing. • Steal : take :: • A. cheat: robber • B. beg: donate • C. give: supply • D. reject: accept You would still write or think of a sentence for the pair of words that are given to find the pair of words that are missing. • If you steal something you take it. • If you give something you supply it. • The answer would be C.

  6. Be sure to create a sentence to use the words in the order they are given. • Don’t pick the one that seems right. Read all of your choices. • The words that make up the two pairs of words in an analogy should be matching parts of speech. • Example: King: wealthy:: peasant: • A. queen • B. poverty • C. rich • D. poor • Wealthy is an adjective so your answer should also be an adjective. • Poor is an adjective so that will be you’re answer.

  7. Think of a sentence to describe the relationship between the pairs of words in these analogies.wallet : money :: bookbag: books • A wallet is used to carry money. • A bookbagis used to carry books.

  8. Example: coat : clothing :: pizza: food • A coat is a type of clothing. • Pizza is a type of food. • Example: pen : write :: scissors: cut • I use a pen to write. • I use scissors to cut.

  9. Try it when a pair of words are missing? • Lead is to follow :: • A. show: guide • B. walk: go • C. school: teach • D. give: take • If I lead I do not follow. • If I give I do not take.

  10. Don’t get stuck on looking for just one kind of relationship. • Analogies can be: • Synonyms- words with the same meaning • Example: crabby : cranky :: boring : dull • Antonyms- opposites • Example: afraid: brave:: kind : cruel • Cause and Effect: A cause make something happen • Example: raindrops: flood :: snowflakes :blizzard • Whole to part identify a whole and than a part of it • Example: duck: feathers:: rabbit: fur

  11. Purpose – an item and its purpose. • Example: broom: sweep:: saddle: ride • Action to Object – an item used to do something. • Example: write: pencil :: dry: towel • Place to Place: the relationship between two places. • Example: Phoenix : Arizona :: Des Moines: Iowa

  12. Association: words that are closely related. • Example: baseball: homerun :: football: • A. pin • B. touchdown • C. ball • D. sport • Sequence: things that happen in order • Example: toddle : walk :: babble : • A. scoot • B. crawl • C. stumble • D. talk

  13. Characteristics- an item and a characteristic of it. • Example: comedy: funny :: tragedy: • A. play • B. stage • C. laughter • D. sad • Degree – a comparison of two things • Example: Look: stare:: frown: • A. scowl • B. lips • C. wink • D. speak

  14. Measurement- time, weight, lbs, etc. • Example: year: month:: month: day • Worker to tool – relates workers to their tools • Example: farmer: plow:: blacksmith: anvil • Location to Object - a location and something found in that location • Example: kitchen: stove :: bedroom: bed • Categories: items and the category they belong in • Example: Human: mammal: : crow: bird

  15. Let’s try some!

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