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Lecture 1 Tourism in Perspective (Part 1)

Lecture 1 Tourism in Perspective (Part 1). What is Tourism?.

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Lecture 1 Tourism in Perspective (Part 1)

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  1. Lecture 1 Tourism in Perspective (Part 1)

  2. What is Tourism? • Tourism is the processes, activities, and outcomes arising from the relationships and the interactions among tourists, tourism suppliers, host governments, host communities, and surrounding environments that are involved in the attracting and hosting of visitors.

  3. Four Different Perspectives of Tourism • The tourist (experiences and satisfactions) • The businessesproviding tourist goods and services (profits) • The governmentof the host community or area (wealth factor) • The host community (employment factor)

  4. What is Tourism? • Tourism is a composite of activities, services, and industries that deliver a travel experience: transportation, accommodation, eating and drinking establishments, shops, entertainment, activity facilities, and other hospitality services available for individuals or groups that are travelling away from home.

  5. World Tourism Organization Definition • “Tourism comprises the activities of persons travelling to and staying in places outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business, and other purposes”.

  6. Defining Tourism Distance travelled • 40 kilometres (50 miles; USA) from usual place of residence Length of time spent • for a period of at least 24 hours and not exceeding 12 months Purpose of the trip • for business, pleasure, personal affairs, or any other purpose except to work

  7. World Tourism Organization Definitions 1. International Tourism: “Inbound tourism”:Visits to a country by nonresidents “Outbound tourism”:Visits by residents of a country to another country 2. Internal tourism:Visits by residents and nonresidents of the country of reference 3. Domestic tourism: visits by residents of a country to their own country 4. National Tourism: Internal tourism plus outbound tourism

  8. World Tourism Organization Definitions (Continued 1) • All types of travellers engaged in tourism are described as visitors. • International visitor: Persons who travel for a period not exceeding twelve months to a country other than the one in which they generally reside and whose main purpose is other than the exercise of an activity remunerated from within the place visited. • Internal/Domestic visitor: Persons who travel to a destination within their own country, that is outside their usual environment for a period not exceeding twelve months.

  9. World Tourism Organization Definitions (Continued 2) • Excursionists/Same day visitors: Visitors who don’t spend the night in a collective or private accommodation in the country visited (stay less than 24 hours)–For example, a cruise ship passenger spending four hours in a port or day trippers visiting an attraction. • Tourists: Visitors who stay in the country visited for at least one night-for example, a visitor on a two-week vacation.

  10. Comprehensive Classification of Travelers Other Travelers excluded: • Commuters • Other local travelers (trips involving less than a specific one-way distance, such as 50 miles) • Crews • Students • Migrants • Temporary workers

  11. Components of Tourism and Tourism Management: • The Tourist • Natural Resources and Environment • The Built Environment • Operating Sectors of the Tourism Industry • Spirit of Hospitality

  12. Components of Tourism and Tourism Management: (Continued 1) • Planning, Development, Promotion, and Catalyst Organizations • The Importance of Integrated/Collaborative Planning and Development • The Processes, Activities, and Outcomes of Tourism • Careers in Tourism

  13. 1-The Tourist • The very heart of the tourism phenomenon model is the tourist, and the travel experiences. • It is critical (important) that both policy makers and managers are able to understand: • Tourists' motivation for pleasure travel • The multiple factors that influence their selection of a destination • Their mode of travel • Their ultimate choice among the activities that may fulfil their travel needs • It is only when we understand the tourist as fully as possible that we can proceed to develop: facilities, events, activities, and programs that will distinguish a given destination, thus making it uniquely attractive to the tourist.

  14. 2-Natural Resources and Environment Any given destination is primarily characterized by: • Physiography the nature and appearance of its landscape. • Climate The kind of weather it has over a period of years; i.e., the conditions of heat and cold, moisture and dryness, and wind. • People Those who "belong" to the destination (its residents) Those who are current or potential visitors to the destination (the tourism market).

  15. 3-The Built Environment • The infrastructure: Such basic things as roads, sewage systems, communication networks, and many commercial facilities (supermarkets and retail stores) • Tourism superstructure: Those facilities that have been developed especially to respond to the demands of visitors (hotels, restaurants, conference centers, car rentals & major attractions) • Technology: Jet air­craft, massive invasion of telecommunications technology, linked closely with computer technology, have a dramatic impact on the tourism phenomenon.

  16. 3-The Built Environment (Continued 1) Information: • Information on the potential tourism market • level of satisfaction of current visitors regarding the quality, or enjoyment, of their visitation experience • Competitors and their activities • functioning or performance of the destination • the extent to which residents of the host region understand and support tourism as a long-term component of the socioeconomic system. Overall system of governance: • The legal, political, and fiscal systems regulating its functioning • Overall culture • New regulations • privatization • Free Trade Agreement • September 11, 2001 event

  17. 4-Operating Sectors of the Tourism Industry • Transportation sector: Airlines, bus companies, and so on tends to typify the movement of people and travel. • Accommodation sector: Hilton, Marriott, Sheraton, Best Western, and so on, is highly visible to the public. • The food services sector: world-famous fast-food chains (McDonald's, Pizza Hut, Burger King, KFC), internationally known gourmet restaurants such as Maxim's in Paris.

  18. 4-Operating Sectors of the Tourism Industry (Continued 1) • The attractions sector: Disneyland/ WaIt Disney World, Louvre museum in Paris, the pyramids in Egypt, the Acropolis in Athens; Greece, and Niagara Falls in Canada. • The events sector: Oktoberfest in Munich, Germany; the Calgary Stampede in Canada; the Mardi Gras of New Orleans and Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; the Boston Marathon; and the Super Bowl in the United States; World Cup Soccer and the International Summer and Winter Olympic Games. • The adventure and outdoor recreation: Golfing, skiing, snow­boarding, white-water rafting, parasailing, hang gliding, mountain biking, and mountaineering.

  19. 4-Operating Sectors of the Tourism Industry (Continued 2) Entertainment: • Las Vegas, Nashville, and Branson, Missouri (world­ famous entertainers) • New York/Broadway and Los Angeles/ Hollywood have used various aspects of the entertainment industry. Travel trade & Tourism services: • Retail travel agent and the wholesale tour operator. Tourism Support: • Computer support services, retail services, financial services, specialized consulting services and tourism educators.

  20. 5-Spirit Of Hospitality • operating sectors of tourism are responsible for delivering high-quality, memorable experiences in a warm spirit of hospitality. • train industry personnel to treat the tourist with fairness, respect, and a level of politeness. • must encourage its residents to behave as friendly hosts to visitors who are in unfamiliar surroundings. • They should convey a friendly attitude and when required, Offer basic information and a helpful hand. • enhance the perceived value of all the other aspects of the visitation experience.

  21. 6-Planning, Development, Promotion, and Catalyst Organizations (PDPCO) we "do the right things" as that we "do things right.“ • This means simply that policy makers need to ensure that their destination offers the kinds of travel experiences that are most appropriate to the visitor, always keeping in mind any limitations imposed by the resources of the destination.

  22. “The destination management organization (DMO)” • In most countries, policy and planning involve two very important categories of stakeholders. 1. Public Sector (governments) • At the national level, governments are usually represented by a national tourism organization (NTO) • At the city orregional level are local and city government tourism departments or a convention and visitor bureau (CVB). 2. Private Sector

  23. 7-The Importance of Integrated/Collaborative Planning and Development • Because both the public and private sectors each control (and often operate) an important percentage of tourism facilities, events, and programs. • It is important that policy, planning, and development efforts be continuously carried out within a joint, cooperative, collaborative organizational framework. • The actual name of the organization (tourism authority, tourism council, or tourism partnership) matters little. What is important is the quality of the collaboration that occurs.

  24. 8-The Processes, Activities, and Outcomes of Tourism • Define tourism philosophy of the destination and Formulate a supportive policy, vision, and strategy. • Provide direction and guidance for the detailed planning and development that will determine the nature and quality of the experiences the destination is capable of offering. • Marketing promotional efforts; pricing and distribution of the travel products/experiences.

  25. 8-The Processes, Activities, and Outcomes of Tourism (Continued 1) • Monitoring of the levels and quality of visitation as well as visitor satisfaction regarding experiences and the destination to ensure that the success of tourism does not destroy the natural resources on which tourism depends on so heavily. • Evaluation is simply an attempt to carefully assess the appropriateness, the effectiveness, the efficiency, and the overall performance of all components and processes in the tourism system. The results of the evaluation provide a critical source of information for the next ongoing stages.

  26. 9-Careers in Tourism • The accommodation sector requires bell staff, front desk staff, and room maintenance staff. • The food services sector requires cooks, waiter staff, and kitchen maintenance staff. • The attractions sector requires facilitation and equipment operators, as do the entertainment, event, and transportation sectors. • The adventure and outdoor recreation sector needs guides and group leaders. • The travel trade and tourism services sectors must have the personnel to assist travellers as they plan their trips.

  27. Text Book • John Wiley 2009, “Tourism: Principles, Practices & Philosophies”, Charles R.Goeldner, J.R.Brent Ritchie, Eleventh edition. (Chapter 1)

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