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Reproductive System

Reproductive System. Difference between Meiosis and Mitosis. Meiosis I. Interphase. Prophase I. Metaphase I. Anaphase I. Telephase I. Meiosis II. Prophase II. Metaphase II. Anaphase II. Telephase II. Male Reproductive System.

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Reproductive System

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  1. Reproductive System

  2. Difference between Meiosis and Mitosis

  3. Meiosis I Interphase Prophase I Metaphase I Anaphase I Telephase I

  4. Meiosis II Prophase II Metaphase II Anaphase II Telephase II

  5. Male Reproductive System

  6. Human reproduction involves intricate anatomy and complex behavior • Reproductive Anatomy of the Human Male. • External: - penis - scrotum • Internal: - gonads - accessory sex glands and ducts.

  7. Male Reproductive System

  8. Testes

  9. Male Reproductive System

  10. Male Reproductive System

  11. External structure of the penis: • glans penis • prepuce (foreskin) • There is no verifiable health benefit to circumcision.

  12. sutures shaft corona foreskin glans penis urethral opening Circumcision

  13. The penis is composed of three layers of spongy erectile tissue. • During sexual arousal the erectile tissue fills with blood from arteries. • The resultant increased pressure seals off the veins that drain the penis. • The engorgement of the penis with blood causes an erection.

  14. Testes are the male gonads. • seminiferous tubules- form sperm • Leydig cells (interstitial cells)- produce androgens (ex. Testosterone, ABP).

  15. Testes are located in the scrotum, outside the body cavity. • This keeps testicular temperature cooler than the body cavity. • The testes develop in the body cavity and descend into the scrotum just before birth.

  16. Sperm Pathway Membranous urethra Prostatic urethra

  17. Semen • Seminal fluid is thick, yellowish, and alkaline. • It contains mucus, fructose, a coagulating enzyme, ascorbic acid, and prostaglandins. • Accessory glands: • seminal vesicle • prostate gland • bulbourethral gland

  18. Seminal vesicle: • A pair of glands that secrete a liquid component of semen into the vas deferens. • Secretion is alkaline • Contains fructose, asorbic acid, coagulating enzyme, prostaglandin Seminal Vesicle

  19. Prostate gland: • Location- surrounds and opens into the urethra where it leaves the bladder. • Secretion- slightly alkaline fluid that activates the sperm and prevents them from sticking together • Prostate problems are common in males over 40. • Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancers in men. Prostate

  20. Bulbourethral gland (Cowper’s gland): • Location- paired glands that lie beneath the prostate • Secretion- a thick, clear alkaline mucous that drains into the membranous urethra. • Function- It acts to wash residual urine out of the urethra when ejaculating semen-- raises pH; neutralizes acidity of urine. Bulbourethral gland

  21. Ejaculation • Ejaculation propels sperm from the epididymis to the vas deferens. • The vas deferens run from the scrotum and behind the urinary bladder. • Here each vas deferens joins with a duct from the seminal vesicle to form an ejaculatory duct. • The ejaculatory ducts open into the urethra. • The urethra drains both the excretory and reproductive systems.

  22. Ejaculate • A male usually ejaculates about 2 – 5 mL of semen; each milliliter containing about 50 – 130 million sperm. • Bulbourethral fluid also carries some sperm released before ejaculation. • This is one of the reasons why the withdrawal method of birth control has a high failure rate.

  23. Spermatogenesis

  24. Mature Spermatozoa acrosome head nucleus tail mitochondria

  25. Seminiferous Tubules

  26. Seminiferous Tubules spermatozoa Sertoli cell spermatids 2º spermatocyte 1º spermatocyte spermatogonium

  27. Sperm Maturation & Development

  28. Hormones Involved in Spermatogenesis • Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH) • Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) • Interstitial Cell Stimulating Hormone (ICSH=LH) • Testosterone • Inhibin • ABP

  29. Some Other Effects of Testosterone muscle and bone growth facial and pubic hair growth thickening of vocal cords growth of pharyngeal cartilage hair follicle effects stimulates sebaceous glands Increased BMR

  30. Vasectomy

  31. Female Reproductive System

  32. Female Reproductive System uterine tube ovary fimbriae uterus cervix bladder vagina urethra clitoris l. minora l. majora

  33. Internal reproductive: • Vagina • Cervix • Fallopian tube (uterian tube/oviducts) • Fimbrae • Ovary • Uterus • Endometrium • Myometrium • Perimetrium uterus uterine tube ovary endometrium fimbriae myometrium perimetrium cervix vagina

  34. Fimbrae & Fallopian Tube

  35. Oogenesis in the Ovary

  36. Oogenesis • Ovary- contains 400,000 oocytes; release about 500 in a lifetime • Ovary- under influence of FSH. The follicles mature every 28 days • Primary follicle produces estrogens • And primary oocyte completes its 1st division produces 2ndary oocyte and polar body

  37. Oogenesis • Aprox 1/2 way through the 28 day cycle the follicle reaches the mature Vesticular or Graffian follicle stage.

  38. Oogenesis • Estrogen levels rise and release LH and FSH and triggers ovulation.

  39. Oogenesis • The 2ndary oocyte travels down the uterine tube to the uterus. • If fertilized by sperm, it will produce a zygote Ovum in uterine tube

  40. Ectopic Pregnancy

  41. Ovarian Cyst

  42. Endometriosis

  43. Oogenesis

  44. Hormones Involved in the Female Reproductive Cycle Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH) Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) Luteinizing Hormone (LH) Estrogen Progesterone Inhibin Relaxin

  45. Female Hormonal Cycle Hypothalamus GnRH Anterior Pituitary LH FSH

  46. Female Hormonal Cycle FSH LH Follicle Cells Estrogen

  47. The Uterine Cycle

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