Human Geography of Europe: Diversity, Conflict, Union Chapter 13

1. Human Geography of Europe: Diversity, Conflict, UnionChapter 13 Section 1, 2, 3 & 4

2. Section 1: Part A Mediterranean Europe • 1. Birthplace of democracy; Greek science, philosophy, drama, & art helped shape modern culture • 2. Its republican government serves as a model; the spread of Christianity was promoted by the empire’s roads • 3. Birthplace of the Renaissance; promoted trade with Southwest Asia • 4. Established an empire that promoted the spread of Christianity & the Spanish language

3. Part B. • 1. Distinct minority and language group that wants independence from Spain • 2. has created housing shortages, pollution, traffic jams

4. Section 2 Part A:Western Europe • 1. Both French and Germanic languages are spoken • 2. France is mostly catholic; the Netherlands, Switzerland, & Germany contain both Catholics & Protestants • 3. nations have become rivals • 4. Both the Holocaust & the Berlin Wall divided Europe in the recent past

5. Part B • 1. Exports dairy products; produces agricultural products; has major manufacturing industries, high-tech & service industries, banking • 2. home to musical geniuses such as Bach, Beethoven, Mozart; home to important painters such as Van Eyck, Vermeer, Rembrandt, Monet, Cezanne, Gaugin • 3. high standard of living, pleasant cities, people socialize in public places • 4. ethnic/racist tensions.

6. Section 3 part A:Northern Europe • 1. Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden • 2. United Kingdom, Ireland • 3. The Sami & other migrating people • 4. Celtic, then Roman, then Germanic • 5. No Nordic country ever became a major empire • 6. British Empire, which strongly affected the rest of the world. • 7. Germanic & Sami language; Protestant • 8. Celtic languages and English; Protestant, but Catholic in Ireland

7. 9. Henrik Ibsen, Ingmar Bergman • 10. William Shakespeare, William Wordsworth, Charlotte Bronte, James Joyce • 11. child-care allowances and national health insurance • 12. national health insurance • 13. smorgasbord; sauna; winter sports such as cross-country skiing and ski jumping • 14. tea time; horse riding, horse jumping, fox hunting; rugby, cricket

8. Part B • 1. a representative lawmaking body, whose members are elected or appointed • 2. began in Britain, in part because of iron & coal deposits; motivated empire building • 3. section between Glasgow and Edinburgh, so-called because it has so many high-tech companies • 4. common currency of the European Union

9. Section 4 Part A:Eastern Europe • 1. People moving between Asia & Europe have tried to control the region since ancient times. • 2. The region, or parts of the region, have been alternately under the rule of the Romans, the Ottomans, the Magyars (Hungary only), & the Austrians. • 3. Each separate group has wanted to establish its own separate unit, hostile to other units • 4. Four decades of domination have led to instability after the collapse of Communism.

10. Part B • 1. Fall of communism has meant a return to ethnic loyalties and civil war in Serbia • 2. Many languages are spoken, some of which have no relationship to surrounding languages. • 3. Some nations are Islamic, others are Eastern Orthodox, and some have Jewish or Protestant minorities. • 4. Eastern European minority groups, including Jews and Gypsies, have often faced discrimination.