Injection Safety Practices

1. Injection Safety Practices TOT Refresher Training of EPI Technicians Abbottabad -23 Feb 2012 Dr Bilal Ahmed Immunization Officer UNICEF

2. Statistics • Vaccination 12 billion/yrs • 50% is unsafe practices • 8-16 Million people got Hep-B • 2.3 – 4.7 Million people suffered from Hep-C • 80,000 – 0.16 Million effected by AIDS

3. Who are effected? • Who are vaccinated • Who give vaccination • Community

4. Who are vaccinated • Reuse of needle and syringe • Use of new needle on old syringe • Use of prepared BCG & Measles vaccines after 06 hrs • Reuse of syringes and needles after cleaning with bactericidal drugs • Repeated use of syringe • Injection in buttocks in children • Not adding diluent in proper quantity

5. Who give vaccination • Wound due to Re-capping • Injury due to keeping syringe and needle for long time • Keeping syringe and needle in hand and entering in crowded places where children and mothers are present

6. Community • Throwing used syringes and needles in open ground • Selling used syringes and needles • Repeated use of syringes and needles

7. Syringes in EPI Single used syringes and needles • Standard Disposable Syringe • Auto Disable Syringe or Auto Destruct Syringe Sizes of Syringes and Needles

8. Parts of Syringes and Needles • Syringes • Adaptor • Scale • Plunger Seal • Barrel • Plunger top • Needle • Shaft • Adaptor • Bevel

9. Injection safety practices • Use only a sterile packed disposable syringe for reconstitution of vaccine and AD syringe for administering vaccine • Don’t use the same disposable syringe for reconstituting multiple vaccine vial/ampoule • One syringe for one vial/ampoule • If the syringe pack is torn or expiry date is over, don’t use the syringe • Never touch the needle or rubber cap of the vaccine vial during reconstitution or drawing vaccine

10. Injection safety practices • Drop the needle cap in the safety box immediately after taking it off the syringe • DON’T RECAPE A SYRINGE • Drop the syringe needle end down in the safety box immediately after it’s use • No need to cut the needle using a needle cutter • Don’t fill more than ¾ of a safety box

11. Safe waste disposal • Safety box MUST be used for sharp waste disposal in each and every vaccination session • Soon after use (reconstitution or vaccine administration) each and every syringe must be dropped in the safety box • Contents of safety box never be taken out • Safety box containing sharp waste must be kept out of reach of children • When a safety box is filled up to ¾ of its volume, close its mouth and keep in a secured place till final disposal

13. Waste burned & covered with earth in a disposal pit Final disposal of waste • Method: Incineration or pit burning & burry • To be done in a health facility premises under responsible supervision • Ensure the burning is complete • A standard pit should be • In a isolated place away from reach of children or animal • Away from a building • At least 4 feet deep and proportionately wide • To be covered with thin layer of earth (1 – 2 inch) after each burning