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1. Bullet 4 Latin America’s responses to the Depression: Getúlio Vargas; Import Substitution Industrialization (ISI) Today’s lecture is brought to you by

2. Bullet 4 Latin America’s responses to the Depression: Getúlio Vargas; Import Substitution Industrialization (ISI) “An Idiot Abroad”

3. Bullet 4 Latin America’s responses to the Depression: Getúlio Vargas; Import Substitution Industrialization (ISI) Pre-Depression Brazil -1 1920

4. Bullet 4 Latin America’s responses to the Depression: Getúlio Vargas; Import Substitution Industrialization (ISI) Pre-Depression Brazil - 2

5. Bullet 4 Latin America’s responses to the Depression: Getúlio Vargas; Import Substitution Industrialization (ISI) Effects of WWI - 3

6. Bullet 4 Latin America’s responses to the Depression: Getúlio Vargas; Import Substitution Industrialization (ISI) Effects of WWI - 4 Rio de Janeiro • Industrialization and urbanization Sugar cane

7. Bullet 4 Latin America’s responses to the Depression: Getúlio Vargas; Import Substitution Industrialization (ISI) • Cultural changes and unrest - 5 Workers raise the anarchist black flag during the São Paulo General Strike of 1917

8. Bullet 4 Latin America’s responses to the Depression: Getúlio Vargas; Import Substitution Industrialization (ISI) • Political unrest - 6 President Bernardes Washington Luis

9. Bullet 4 Latin America’s responses to the Depression: Getúlio Vargas; Import Substitution Industrialization (ISI) The Depression Begins - 7 <- Conservative Coalition Liberal Alliance -> Julio Prestes Getulio Vargas

10. Bullet 4 Latin America’s responses to the Depression: Getúlio Vargas; Import Substitution Industrialization (ISI) Getulio Vargas - 8 - Attempts Valorization again - Diversify agriculture • - Import Substitution Industrialization • Exchange controls • tax incentives • import quotas • lowered duties on imported machinery and raw materials • long term loans at low interest rates - Result • Creates new industries designed to meet needs at home • Industrial production doubled 31-36 • national income increases

11. Bullet 4 Latin America’s responses to the Depression: Getúlio Vargas; Import Substitution Industrialization (ISI) Getulio Vargas - 9 -1932 electoral code • est. secret ballot, voting age lowered to • 18, vote given to working women • still has a literacy requirement -1934 constitution • Strengthens executive Bertha Lutz • Article 119 Nationalization of • natural resources • Labor tribunal system • 86% of workers are in agriculture and their system isn’t touched - Political decent • Growing Communist Party • National Liberation Alliance

12. Bullet 4 Latin America’s responses to the Depression: Getúlio Vargas; Import Substitution Industrialization (ISI) Getulio Vargas - 10

13. Bullet 4 Latin America’s responses to the Depression: Getúlio Vargas; Import Substitution Industrialization (ISI) Getulio Vargas - 11 - Economic ties to Germany and Italy • Brazil has no expansionist ideals - Direct investment in creation of industry • Manufacturing serves domestic market almost exclusively - 44% of investment in Brazilian stock is from foreigners • 1920 there were13,336 plants • with 300,000 worker • 1941 there were 44,100 plants • with 944,000 workers • Banned strikes, but 1942 • labor code was seen as most • advanced in the world

14. Bullet 4 Latin America’s responses to the Depression: Getúlio Vargas; Import Substitution Industrialization (ISI) Getulio Vargas - 12 Brazilian rubber plantation workers

15. Cathedral of Brasilia