Using Gas Welding Equipment

1. Using Gas Welding Equipment Ag I Ag Mechanics Unit 2

2. Competencies to be Developed • Identify major parts of propane and oxyacetylene welding equipment • Change oxygen and acetylene cylinders • Turn on and adjust oxyacetylene controls • Light and adjust oxyacetylene torches • Shut off and bleed oxyacetylene equipment • Check for leaks in gas equipment

3. Introduction • Many gases will burn, making them both dangerous and beneficial • Burning gases are used in ag mechanics to do many things • Heat, cut, weld • Weld: to join by fusion • Fusion: melting together

4. Introduction • Gas: any fluid substance that can expand without limit. • This expandable nature also means that a gas can be compressed • Compress: apply pressure to reduce in volume

5. Compressed Gas • Dangerous because it is under pressure and trying to get free • If the gas is flammable there is the additional danger that it may explode or burn out of control • Fortunately, we have suitable equipment and techniques available to use compressed, combustible gasses safely

6. Acetylene and Propane • Most popular for heating, cutting and welding metals • They must be mixed with oxygen from the air or pure oxygen from tanks before they will burn. • Refer to unit 1 for Reducing Hazards in Agricultural Mechanics

7. Wear safety glasses at all times Store fuel gas cylinders separately from oxygen cylinders Keep gas cylinders upright and chained Do not bump or put pressure on pipes, connections, valves, gauges or other equipment connected to compressed gas cylinders When connections are opened or cylinders are changed check for leaks before using equipment Never use grease or oil on equipment—spontaneous or instant fires may result Follow procedures for turning systems on and off Work only in areas that are free of materials that burn General Precautions with Compressed Gases

8. Screw caps on all cylinders that do not have regulators Keep equipment or cylinders that may discharge gas pointed away from the operator and other people Never leave clothing were it can become saturated by oxygen and fuel gases Learn to recognize the odors of combustible fuels Protect gas cylinder storage areas with locked link fences or concrete enclosures. If gas equipment catches fire, immediately turn off the gas at the tanks. If this is not practical or this action does not extinguish the gas fires, evacuate the area and call for help. General Precautions with Compressed Gases

9. Gas Burning Equipment • Shops have either a manifold or portable rig set-up • Manifold: pipe with two or more outlets • Rig: self contained piece of apparatus assembled to conduct an operation • Oxyacetylene: a shortened version of the words oxygen and acetylene • It refers to equipment and processes where the two gases are used together • Shops may also use propane and oxygen torches and propane furnaces

10. Oxyacetylene Equipment • Major parts • Cart • Cylinders • Valves • Regulators • Gauges • Hoses • Torch assemblies

11. Torch • Mixes gases and discharges them to support a controllable flame

12. Cylinder • Long, round tank with extremely thick walls built to hold gases under great pressure

13. Valves and Regulators • Control the flow of gas

14. Gauge • Measures and indicates the pressure in the hose, tank or manifold

15. Hoses • Flexible lines that carry the gases • Made of rubber reinforced with nylon or there material to withstand high pressure and heavy use • Red= acetylene • Green= oxygen

16. Acetylene Side Acetylene cylinder Red or brown Cylinder valve Red cylinder pressure gauge Regulator Hose pressure gauge Red hose Acetylene valve on torch Oxygen side Oxygen cylinder Green cylinder pressure gauge Regulator Hose pressure gauge Green hose Oxygen valve on torch Torch mixing chamber Torch tip The Rig

17. Setting Up • Acetylene • Left hand threads • Color coded red (brown in our shop) • Oxygen cylinders • Right hand threads • Color coded green • Before attaching regulators to cylinders, crack the cylinder by turning the gas on and off quickly to blow out any dust • When attaching regulators, hoses, gauges or torch connections, the connectors must be threaded in the correct direction. The red color coding and opposite threads for acetylene are means of preventing the accidental mixing of acetylene and oxygen except in the torch its self.

18. Setting Up • All connections are gas tight when screwed on properly • Caution!! Oxygen and acetylene valves on torches seal with light finger pressure. Over tightening will damage the seats of the valves. A seat is the point where the movable part of the valve seat seals off the gas.

19. Turning On the Acetylene and Oxygen • Use the following sequence to turn on the gases. • DO NOT STAND IN FRONT OF GAUGES WHILE THE GAS IS BEING TURNED ON!!! • Step 1: Close the acetylene valve on the torch • Step 2: Close the oxygen valve on the torch • Step 3: Turn the acetylene regulator handle counter clockwise until no spring tension is felt • Step 4: Turn the oxygen regulator handle counter clockwise until no spring tension is felt.

20. Turning on Oxygen and Acetylene • Step 5: Open the oxygen cylinder valve slowly until the pressure gauge responds. Open the valve all the way. • Step 6: Open the acetylene cylinder valve slowly half a turn • NEVER open the acetylene cylinder more than half a turn. This is so it can be shut off quickly in the case of emergency. • Step 7: Open the oxygen torch valve an 1/8 of a turn. Turn the oxygen regulator handle clockwise until the pressure gauge reads 10 psi • Step 8: Open the acetylene torch valve an 1/8 of a turn. Turn the acetylene regulator handle clockwise until the pressure gauge reads 5 psi. Close the acetylene valve.

21. Turning on Oxygen and Acetylene • Step 7 & 8 purge the lines and set regulators to a safe starting pressure • Purge the lines: remove undesirable gases • This makes the unit pressurized and ready to go.

22. Testing for Leaks • Leak test should be performed when first setting a rig up, when cylinders are changed or if the odor of acetylene is present when the rig is not in use • Leaks should be tested for using a small amount of water and nondetergent hand soap • The solution should be rubbed around fittings and any other places that a leak may exist using a 1” paint brush • If a leak exist it will cause the soap solution to bubble

23. Lighting and Adjusting Torches • Two types- welding and cutting • To light • Open the acetylene valve an eighth of a turn • Use a spark lighter to ignite the torch • NEVER use matches or a lighter! • DO NOT point the torch directly into the lighter • DO NOT point the torch towards other people • Open the acetylene valve slowly until the flame is ¼” off the tip of the torch, increase or decrease the flow until the flame just touches the tip • This flame is called a carbonizing flame. • Carbonizing flame is one with excess acetylene.

24. Lighting and Adjusting Torches • Turn the oxygen valve on slowly and watch the inner flame shorten. Continue to add oxygen until the long, inner flame just fits the cone. • This is a neutral flame • Neutral flame: one with the correct balance of acetylene and oxygen. • This flame is correct for heating, cutting, and welding

25. Lighting and Adjusting Torches • If additional oxygen is added, the cone becomes sharp and the flame noisy. This is an oxidizing flame or one with an excess of oxygen. • It is hottest type of flame but not recommend for anything but special types of applications

26. FLAMES

27. Shutting Off Torches • Torches become a fire hazard if the procedure is not followed when shutting them off. • Use gentle pressure on torch valves to keep from damaging their soft internal parts. • First close the acetylene valve • Close the oxygen valve last

28. Bleeding Lines • Removing all gas from the lines and equipment • Procedure • Turn off the acetylene at the cylinder • Turn off the oxygen at the cylinder • Open the acetylene valve at the torch until both regulators return to zero. Close the acetylene valve at the torch • Open the oxygen valve at the torch until both regulators return to zero. Close the oxygen valve at the torch • Turn all regulator handles counterclockwise until they are easy to turn • Coil the hoses over the cart handles • Store the rig in a suitable place.

29. REVIEW POP QUIZ • 1. What color are acetylene hoses? • 2. What color are oxygen hoses? • 3. Acetylene should be at what pressure to light the torch? • 4. What is used to check for gas leaks? • 5. What material is used to reinforce gas hoses? • 6. What two gases are used in the agricultural mechanics shop? • 7. What is used to compress gases? • 8. How far should the acetylene tank valve be opened? • 9. Why are compressed gases dangerous? • 10. Define the term rig.