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Genetic Mutations

Genetic Mutations. Chapter 27. Mutations. Just kidding…… Or am I???. Belgium blue (bull). Yes, it’s real!, and yes it’s all natural.. It’s a genetic MUTATION!. Gene Mutation aka “DNA mutation”. A change in the sequence of bases of DNA Possible Causes :

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Genetic Mutations

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  1. Genetic Mutations Chapter 27

  2. Mutations Just kidding…… Or am I???

  3. Belgium blue (bull) • Yes, it’s real!, and yes it’s all natural.. It’s a genetic MUTATION!

  4. Gene Mutationaka “DNA mutation” • A change in the sequence of bases of DNA • Possible Causes: • Toxic chemicals (metals, pesticides, fertilizers, PCB’s) • Radiation (Xrays, UV rays)

  5. A Pretend DNA Sequence THE FAT MAN WAS TOO BIG FOR HIS BED

  6. DNA Sequence THE FAT MAN WAS TOO BIG FOR HIS BED Substitution- Switching one letter THE FAR MAN WAS TOO BIG FOR HIS BED May cause no change at all, it may be totally lethal, or anywhere in between.

  7. DNA Sequence THE FAT MAN WAS TOO BIG FOR HIS BED Inversion- Turn around three letters THE TAF MAN WAS TOO BIG FOR HIS BED May cause no change at all, it may be totally lethal, or anywhere in between..

  8. DNA Sequence THE FAT MAN WAS TOO BIG FOR HIS BED Deletion- Delete one letter THE ATM ANW AST OOB IGF ORH ISB ED May be totally lethal, usually causes major change in protein structure and function.

  9. DNA Sequence THE FAT MAN WAS TOO BIG FOR HIS BED Addition- Add one letter THE FFA TMA NWA STO OBI GFO RHI SBE D May be totally lethal, usually causes major change in protein structure and function.

  10. Results of mutation • Proteins are not formed correctly, and often will not do their jobs. • Can result in disease or death • Mutation may have no effect • Mutation may be beneficial to an organism

  11. summary • DNA Mutations/Gene Mutations • Base Shift (Frame Shift) = 2 kinds Addition & Deletion • Substitution • Inversion

  12. CHROMOSOMAL MUTATIONS: Affects LARGE amounts of DNA, whole chromosomes or large pieces of a chromomes. 1. Translocation- transfer of part of a chromosome to a nonhomologous chromosome (not like crossing-over) 2. Inversion- a piece of a chromosome is rotated

  13. CHROMOSOMAL MUTATIONS 3. Addition- a piece of a chromosome is added to an existing chromosome, so gene(s) get repeated 4. Deletion- a piece of a chromosome is broken off, so gene(s) are missing. 5. NONDISJUNCTION- the addition or loss of an entire chromosome

  14. Genetic Disorders • SEX-LINKED: colorblindness, hemophilia, Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy • AUTOSOMAL (not sex chromosome): Sickle-Cell Disease, Phenylketonuria, Tay-Sachs Disease, Cystic Fibrosis, Huntington Disease • CHROMOSOMAL: Down’s Syndrome, Turner Syndrome, Klinefelter Syndrome

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