Background (1)

1. Some of my current research:Modeling sediment delivery on a daily basis for meso-scale catchments: a new tool: LAPSUS-D By: Saskia Keesstra and Arnaud TemmeWageningen University (Netherlands)with many thanks to:Agnieszka Czajka (University of Silesia)

2. Background Aims Study area Methodology Results Conclusions Outlook Background (1) • For management purposes important to assess sediment yield of a catchment. • Currently: models designed for estimating sediment yield either: • give very detailed storm-based information • or yearly averages.

3. BackgroundAims Study area Methodology Results Conclusions Outlook Background (2) • Soil erosion models get more sophisticated • Models more physically based and suitable for different kinds of situations. • Price: model require large amounts of input data • very temporally dense data (like 10 minute rainfall data) • difficult to obtain soil data such as the saturated conductivity. • If such data are unavailable: sediment yield models producing yearly averages.

4. BackgroundAims Study area Methodology Results Conclusions Outlook Background (3) • BUT: yearly averages models: ignore lot of other detailed information like: • daily discharge • precipitation data. • Currently no models that model sediment yield • On temporal scale of one day • On spatial scale of a meso-scale catchment, without making use of very detailed input data.

5. Background Aims Study area Methodology Results Conclusions Outlook Research aim (1) • Make a model that can: • Model erosion in a meso-scale catchment (20-200 km2) • Is based on physical processes • Has a significant hydrological component • Can be run for daily time-step • Requires input data readily available for most catchments • Eventually: A GIS- model that can be used by catchment managers and non-modeller-scientist

6. BackgroundAims Study area Methodology Results Conclusions Outlook Research aim (2) • Landscape evolution model LAPSUS (Schoorl, 2002) (LandscApe ProcesS modelling at mUlti-dimensions and Scales) • LAPSUS model models water and sediment routing

7. Background Aims Study area Methodology Results Conclusions Outlook Research aim (3) • LAPSUS has water balance as a base. • has been adapted to model sediment yield on a daily basis: LAPSUS-D: • Calibrated with daily precipitation and discharges. • gives good indication of possible sediment transport.

8. Background Aims Study area Methodology Results Conclusions Outlook Study area (1) • This new version of LAPSUS was tested on both a catchment in SW Poland and Mediterranean Israel up till now. • Upper Nysa Szalona: • South western Poland: Temperate climate, • 23 km2

9. Background Aims Study area Methodology Results Conclusions Outlook Study area (2) • Nahal Oren: • Mediterranean climate • Carmel mountains • 20 km2

10. LAPSUS model Scenarios Landuse Geology Soil type Soil depth DEM Rainfall Erodibility Infiltration Run-on Run-off Erosion Deposition changed DEM Modelling framework J.M. Schoorl Laboratory of Soil Science & Geology

11. Background Aims Study area Methodology Results Conclusions Outlook Changes to LAPSUS • Because of smaller time step of 1 day: • Basic assumption of all water leaving the catchment in 1 time step no longer valid: • Therefore: • Cut rainfall-runoff in two parts: • Surface runoff  leaves catchment in 1 day • Subsurface runoff  moves with 1 cell/day

12. Background Aims Study area Methodology Results Conclusions Outlook Time step 1 Time step 2 Precipitation Precipitation Interception by vegetation Surface storage Repetition of processes in time step 1 Infiltration Surface runoff Run on Maximum storage capacity Surface runoff Run on Maximum infiltration rate Infiltration • Explain water stocks, flows and losses: • Stocks: • Surface storage • Storage in unsaturated zone. • Flows: • Infiltration • Hortonian overland flow • Saturated overland flow • Groundwater to surface flow • Groundwater to groundwater • Losses: • Soil evaporation • Interception Groundwater Darcy: slope of groundwater level Multiple flow: slope of surface Current status of model development

13. Background Aims Study area Methodology Results Conclusions Outlook Methodology: calibration in Poland • With limited input no full hydrological simulation • Specially baseflow not well simulated. • BUT: only peak discharge is important for sediment transport • Therefore focus on peak discharge

14. Background Aims Study area Methodology Results Conclusions Outlook Results of calibration in Poland

15. Background Aims Study area Methodology Results Conclusions Outlook Results of calibration • Our set calibration tool gave satifactory results as: • Peak height and peak duration and peak volume was modelled with good accuracy

16. Background Aims Study area Methodology Results Conclusions Outlook Calibration in Israel • No base flow • But due to geology: deep drainage which is not accounted for in model • With few adaptations, which need to be refined: • Peak duration and peak volume modelled with good accuracy • Sediment calibration: good results • Now looking for longer record for validation

17. Background Aims Study area Methodology ResultsConclusions Outlook Summary LAPSUS-D • Meso-scale catchment (20-200 km2) • Hydrological component • Daily time-step • Calibration with the discharge at the outlet • Using only: • DEM (10 to 30 m pixel size) • soil map • land use map • daily discharge and precipitation data • A general idea of the soil depths in the catchment. • With this: calibration for water flow part: • good indication of possible sediment transport

18. Thanks! Questions?