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Section 30-1 VOCABULARY REVIEW

Section 30-1 VOCABULARY REVIEW. 1. An antheridium produces many sperm, and an archegonium produces a single egg. 2. Homospory is the production of one type of spore. Heterospory is the production of different types of spores.

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Section 30-1 VOCABULARY REVIEW

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  1. Section 30-1VOCABULARY REVIEW

  2. 1. An antheridium produces many sperm, and an archegonium produces a single egg. • 2. Homospory is the production of one type of • spore. Heterospory is the production of different • types of spores. • 3. The integument is a thick layer of cells that surrounds a megasporangium. A micropyle is a small opening in the integument.

  3. MULTIPLE CHOICE • 1. c • 2. a • 3. d • 4. b • 5. c

  4. SHORT ANSWER • 1. Haploid: spore, archegonium, antheridium, gametophyte. • Diploid: sporophyte, zygote. The gametophyte is the dominant phase.

  5. 2. The sperm of conifers are not flagellated, whereas the sperm of mosses and ferns are. The spores of conifers are of two types, whereas the spores of mosses and most ferns are of one type; also, the spores of conifers never leave the parent plant, whereas the spores of mosses and ferns do.

  6. 3. Meiosis produces spores. Mitosis produces gametes. • 4. They have flagellated sperm, which must swim through water to reach and fertilize the eggs.

  7. STRUCTURES AND FUNCTIONS • a, sori; • b, sporangium; • c, spores; • d, gametophyte; • e, antheridium; • f, archegonium; • g, zygote; • h, sporophyte

  8. Section 30-2VOCABULARY REVIEW • 1. An anther is a male reproductive structure that • contains microsporangia. A filament is a stalklike • structure that supports an anther. • 2. A stigma is a female reproductive structure that • traps pollen grains in a flowering plant. A style is • a stalklike structure that ends in a stigma. • 3. Polar nuclei are produced during the formation • of an embryo sac in a flowering plant. In double • fertilization, the polar nuclei fuse with one sperm • nucleus while the egg fuses with another sperm.

  9. MULTIPLE CHOICE • 1. c • 2. a • 3. b • 4. d • 5. b

  10. SHORT ANSWER • 1. Three of the megaspores degenerate, and the fourth forms the structures of the embryo sac. • Each of the microspores forms a pollen grain.

  11. 2. Both gymnosperms and angiosperms: wind pollination, pollen grain, pollen tube. Only in angiosperms: animal pollination, fertilization quickly following pollination, double fertilization, embryo sac, endosperm.

  12. 3. Nectar increases a plant’s chances of sexual reproduction since it attracts pollinators. 4. Endosperm provides nourishment for the embryo.

  13. 5. Such plants are more likely to have fragrant flowers.Most moths and bats are nocturnal, and at night it would be easier to find flowers by smell than by sight.

  14. STRUCTURES AND FUNCTIONS • a, filament; • b, anther; • c, stigma; • d, style; • e, ovary; • f, receptacle; • g, ovule; • h, sepal; • i, petal

  15. Section 30-3VOCABULARY REVIEW • 1. A radicle is an embryonic root in a seed. • 2. A hypocotyl is the portion of the embryonic stem • between the attachment point of the cotyledons • and the radicle. • 3. An epicotyl is the portion of the embryonic stem • above the attachment point of the cotyledons. • 4. A plumule is the shoot tip and any embryonic • leaves attached to its tip. • 5. A hilum is a scar on a seed that marks where the • seed was attached to the ovary wall.

  16. MULTIPLE CHOICE • 1. d • 2. c • 3. a • 4. b • 5. c

  17. SHORT ANSWER • 1. raspberry, aggregate fruit; pineapple, multiple • fruit; pea pod, simple fruit • 2. Factors and conditions include water, oxygen, a • particular range of temperatures, light, and passage • through an animal’s digestive tract. • 3. Advantage: many new individuals can be produced • in a short time, enabling clones to fill the available • space. Disadvantage: since all of the offspring are • genetically identical, they have the same tolerance • to the environment and are attacked by the same • diseases and pests.

  18. 4. The structures are runners (or stolons), rhizomes, • bulbs, and tubers. • 5. wind dispersal: orchid seeds, milkweed seeds; animal • dispersal: fruit; water dispersal: coconuts • 6. Plant embryos must grow to the soil surface before • they can capture enough light to carry out photosynthesis. • This growth requires energy, which is • provided by the food reserves in the seed.

  19. STRUCTURES AND FUNCTIONS • a, endosperm; • b, seed coat; • c, cotyledon; • d, plumule; • e, hypocotyl; • f, radicle

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