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The Renaissance

The Renaissance. Sistine Chapel Michelangelo Buonarroti. What is the Renaissance?. A “Rebirth” of Roman and Greek Classical Learning/Culture Time of artistic, scientific and intellectual discovery New emphasis on secular spirit and the individual. Causes of the Renaissance.

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The Renaissance

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  1. The Renaissance Sistine ChapelMichelangelo Buonarroti

  2. What is the Renaissance? A “Rebirth” of Roman and Greek Classical Learning/Culture Time of artistic, scientific and intellectual discovery New emphasis on secular spirit and the individual

  3. Causes of the Renaissance • Increase in agricultural production • End of Feudalism • Crusades opened trade with Middle East • Re-emergence of urban centers • Decline of Church control -Great Schism

  4. Background of the Italian Renaissance Economic • Increase in agricultural production -Italian city-states to produce enough food to sustain their own populations • Increase in trade -HRE provided a vast market for manufactured goods -The Mediterranean Sea allowed Italy to easily engage in trade

  5. Economic Result • Economic wealth is consolidated into the hands of a small number of merchant families in Italy’s growing cities

  6. Background of the Italian Renaissance Political • The collapse of the HRE and Great Schism left no unifying force in Italy

  7. Political Result • Wealthy merchant families are able to use economic influence (patronage) to gather political power

  8. Background of the Italian Renaissance Social • Decline in Church control and increased economic wealth leads to a turn from Medieval Spiritualism to Classical Humanism.

  9. Social Result • The arts flourish in Italy • Education took on a new importance

  10. FlorenceThe Cathedral of Florence (Duomo) Filippo Brunelleschi

  11. FlorencePalazzo Strozzi Small windows used for lending money Rustication

  12. FlorencePalazzo Vecchio Michelangelo’s David

  13. FlorencePonte Vecchio

  14. Major Italian Cities Florence • Republic on paper, but really an oligarchy of wealthy merchants • Ultimately under the control of the Medici -Cosimo -Lorenzo the Magnificent • Major industries: textiles (wool, cotton and silk) and finance

  15. MilanSanta Maria delle Grazie Donato Bramante

  16. MilanSanta Maria presso San Satiro Donato Bramante

  17. Milan • Located just south of the Alps • Provided manufactured goods to the French and HRE • Centralized state under the Visconti and later the Sforza -Da Vinci

  18. Naples

  19. Naples

  20. Naples • Hereditary monarchy. • Trade-based economy • Eventually taken over by Spanish -most cosmopolitan city in Europe

  21. Venice The Doge’s Palace Canale di San Marco

  22. Venice

  23. VeniceBasilica di San Marco Byzantine Influence

  24. Venice • Economy based on Mediterranean trade -Byzantine Empire • Maritime military power • Oligarchy of wealthy merchant/aristocracy

  25. Vatican City Michelangelo Buonarroti Giovanni Lorenzo Bernini

  26. Sistine Chapel Michelangelo Buonarroti

  27. The Pantheon Raphael’s Burial Place

  28. Rome Colosseum

  29. Rome • Seat of the Bishop of Rome (Pope) • Acts as the capital of the Papal States • -City-State politics on an international level • Home to many large building projects to highlight various wealthy Italian families’ power • -Sistine Chapel

  30. Renaissance Society Classes • Patrician merchants began to blur the roles of the clergy, nobility and commoners -The Book of the Courtier by Baldassare Castiglione

  31. The Book of the Courtier by Baldassare Castiglione

  32. Education • Educational practices reflected the Patrician merchants’ blurring of the roles of the clergy, nobility and commoners -Humanism and virtù -Liberal Studies and Physical Education/Renaissance Man

  33. Leonardo Da Vinci

  34. Families • Patrician merchants tried to increase their economic and political power through family networks -marriage -Giovanni Tournabuoni -Palla di Noferi Strozzi -Pope Julius II and Sixtus IV

  35. Sistine Chapel acorns Michelangelo Buonarroti

  36. Family Crests Della Rovere (acorns) Medici Julius II Leo X Clement VII

  37. Tornabuoni Chapel Ludovica Tornabuoni Domenico Ghirlandaio

  38. Tornabuoni Chapel Ludovica Tornabuoni Alessandro di Francesco Nasi Domenico Ghirlandaio

  39. Patronage • Through both familial and extra-familial systems of reciprocity, Patrician merchant tried to increase their economic and political power -Medici

  40. Small Chapel of the Medici Palace Piero de' Medici Cosimo de' Medici Lorenzo de’Medici Benozzo Gozzoli

  41. Santa Trinita in Florence Gentile da Fabriano

  42. Portrait of Pope Leo X with Cardinals Giulio de' Medici and Luigi de' Rossi Pope Clement VII Pope Leo X Raffaello Sanzio

  43. Church • The Catholic Church became increasingly secular due to the rise of humanism and patronage networks -Renaissance Popes

  44. Borgia Apartments Vatican City Alexander VI Cesare Borgia Bernardino di Betto (Pinturicchio)

  45. Borgia Apartments Vatican City Cesare Borgia

  46. Baldassare Castiglione Raffaello Sanzio

  47. Portrait of Pope Leo X with Cardinals Giulio de' Medici and Luigi de' Rossi Pope Clement VII Raffaello Sanzio

  48. Baldassare Castiglione • Born near Mantua-from a noble family • Worked as a envoy to Pope Leo X, Pope Clement VII, the Sforza family (Milan) and the Duke of Urbino • Wrote The Book Of The Courtier • Clement VII accused him of duplicity when Charles V sacked Rome

  49. The Book Of The Courtier • Greatly influenced royal court behavior • Described how a courtier behaved • Accorded with traditional ideas of leadership behavior • Stated that nobles are born and not made • Advised nobles to not only master military skills but also to pursue a classical education • Told courtiers to behave according to strict standards of conduct • Key term sprezzatura - the cultivated ability to "display artful artlessness"

  50. Goals of Courtier • To use his skills to win the favor of the prince so that he can give the prince honest council without fear of angering him • To advise the prince to pursue the morally correct course

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