1 / 21

ENZYMES & Chemical Digestion

ENZYMES & Chemical Digestion. Chemical Digestion Basics. Dehydration Synthesis vs. Hydrolysis Anabolic – Dehydration Synthesis Require the removal of water to form bonds Catabolic – Hydrolytic Reactions Require the addition of water to break bonds Carbohydrates – mono and disaccharides

yori
Download Presentation

ENZYMES & Chemical Digestion

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. ENZYMES&Chemical Digestion

  2. Chemical Digestion Basics • Dehydration Synthesis vs. Hydrolysis • Anabolic – Dehydration Synthesis • Require the removal of water to form bonds • Catabolic – Hydrolytic Reactions • Require the addition of water to break bonds • Carbohydrates – mono and disaccharides • Lipids (triglycerides) – glycerol + fatty acids • Proteins – amino acids

  3. Terminology: • Enzyme • Active site • Substrate(s) • Product(s) • Reversible reactions substrate enzyme products enzyme

  4. Factoids: Enzymes are: • Proteins

  5. B + A Factoids: Molecule C Enzymes: • Lower the activation energy needed for a reaction to take place

  6. Factoids: Enzymes: • Are unchanged after catalyzing a reaction

  7. Factoids: Enzymes: • Turnover numbers are very high • Examples: • 1 molecule of acetylcholinesterase -> 25,000 molecules of acetylcholine in 1 second • 1 molecule of catalase breaks down 40 million molecules of hydrogen peroxide in 1 second

  8. Factoids: Enzymes: • Are specific in their activity • Lock and key model

  9. Enzymes: Sometimes require a nonprotein factor = cofactor (metallic ion) or coenzyme (vitamin) Examples: Iron, zinc, copper, sodium, potassium, vitamin B Factoids:

  10. Enzymes: are usually named after the substrate on which they act have names ending in –ase ( with a few exceptions) Examples: Cellulase Sucrase Lipase Lactase Acetylcholinesterase Factoids:

  11. Factors Affecting Enzyme Activity

  12. Temperature

  13. pH more H+ Pepsin – stomach enzyme Trypsin – duodenum enzyme

  14. Concentrationof Enzyme or Substrate

  15. Inhibitors • Competitive Inhibition • Noncompetitive Inhibition

  16. Enzyme Uses

  17. Papaya and Papain

  18. Pineapple and Bromelain

  19. Lactose = milk sugar • Lactase – enzyme produced by cells that line the small intestine • Symptoms • Solutions • Avoid dairy products (calcium problem) and prepared foods containing lactose • Determine problematic amounts of lactose or source (i.e. milk, ice cream, aged cheeses) • Lactase additives: add to milk (lactose content reduced by 70% or buy lactose-reduced milk

  20. Enzyme Dietary Supplements

  21. Questions Concerning Dietary Enzyme Supplements • Are there people who do not produce enough of certain enzymes? • Could an increase in digestive enzymes increase the digestion of food? • Can you increase the amount of digestive enzymes by taking oral dietary supplements?

More Related