Cell Structures, Transport & Homeostasis, and Role of Enzymes Biology EOCT Review

1. Cell Structures, Transport & Homeostasis, and Role of EnzymesBiology EOCT Review Created Spring 2012

2. DNA and RNA are macromolecules made up of • Nucleotides • Carbohydrates • Lipids • Amino acids

3. 2. Which structure would you expect to observe when examining a prokaryotic cell with a microscope? • Nucleus • Chloroplast • Cell membrane • mitochondria

4. 3. Homeostasis is the maintenance of a relatively stable internal environment. Cells have several mechanisms that regulate their internal environments. Which of these mechanisms of cellular homeostasis expands energy? • Osmosis • Passive transport • Diffusion • Active transport

5. 4. Which organelle carries out the process of photosynthesis? • Vacuole • Mitochondria • Chloroplast • Endoplasmic reticulum

6. 5. The place where reactants bind to an enzyme during a reaction is called the • Product • Activation energy • Substrate • Active site

7. 6. If an animal were placed in a solution of ocean water, what would happen? • The cell would swell because the water solution is hypotonic. • The cell would swell because the water solution is hypertonic. • The cell would shrivel because the water solution is hypertonic. • The cell would shrivel because the water solution is hypotonic.

8. 7. Which of the following macromolecules are composed of chains of amino acids that join together to form the structural components of organisms? • Carbohydrates • Lipids • Proteins • Nucleic acids

9. 8. Which of the following macromolecules are the main source of quick energy? • Lipids • Carbohydrates • Nucleic acids • Proteins

10. 9. In which type of cellular transport do molecules bind to channel proteins in order to move across a selectively permeable membrane against a concentration gradient? • Facilitated transport • Active transport • Diffusion • osmosis

11. 10. Which of the following environmental changes is MOST likely to slow chemical reactions in cells? • Increased temperature • Decreased temperature • An increase in the number of substrate molecules in solutions • Neutralization of an acidic environment

12. 11. What does the peak of the blue line represent? • Energy of the products • Reaction progress • Activation energy without a catalyst • Activation energy with a catalyst