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Module 4 Emergency Procedures

Module 4 Emergency Procedures. Dr. Laney Nelson . Alcohol & Drug Related Emergencies. Empty containers Syringes 6 Danger Signs Unconsciousness Respiration Fever Irregular pulse Vomiting Convulsions. Binge Drinking. Mixing Alcohol Intent  becoming intoxicated Stupor

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Module 4 Emergency Procedures

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  1. Module 4 Emergency Procedures Dr. Laney Nelson

  2. Alcohol & Drug Related Emergencies • Empty containers • Syringes • 6 Danger Signs • Unconsciousness • Respiration • Fever • Irregular pulse • Vomiting • Convulsions

  3. Binge Drinking • Mixing Alcohol • Intent  becoming intoxicated • Stupor • Unresponsiveness • Vomiting

  4. 4 Stages of Alcohol Withdrawal • nausea, insomnia, sweating, tremors • 8-72 hours, worsening of 1 with visual or auditory illusions ,or hallucinations • 48 major seizures, usually 6 in a row • delirium tremens confusion, hyperirritability

  5. Delirium Tremens (DTs) • Life threatening • Mortality rate 15% (1-14 days after last drink) • Most commonly within 2-5 days • DT’s last for 1-3 days (can go on for a month) • Extremely high fever • Dilated pupils • Profuse sweating • Severe confusion • Memory loss

  6. Guidelines for Alcohol Crisis • A person of safety • Provide a reality base • Be calm • Provide non verbal support • Encourage communication • Foster confidence • Losing Control of Situation • Extreme agitation • Sweating • Excessive talking, loud

  7. Alcoholic Confrontation Non Violent • Do not invade their personal space • Use a calm voice • Do not place objects between victim and escape • Dangerous objects out of site Violent • Leave the scene if weapons appear • Do not attempt to restrain • Try to talk down, sit down, calm down, put it down

  8. Stimulants Stimulants Depressants Oxycontin Crush and snort Full dose of drug immediately By passing long acting effect Xanax Valium Heroin Rush and then drowsiness Respiratory depressant • Methamphetamines • Cocaine • Ritalin: • Can be ground up and snorted or taken orally

  9. Cardiovascular Emergencies • Atherosclerosis • Plaque on the inner lining of the arteriole wall • Arteriosclerosis • Calcium is deposited in the walls of arteries, resulting in loss of arterial elasticity • “hardening of the arteries” Atherosclerosis of aorta

  10. Heart Conditions • Angina pectoris •Congestive Heart Failure • Myocardial infraction

  11. Nitroglycerin • Usually administered every 5 minutes with up to three doses max • Physician prescribed Do not use if: • BP below 100 mmHg • PR <50 or >100 • Head injury • Infant or child =

  12. Causes of Stroke • Thrombus • 80% of stokes are cerebral artery blocked by clot • TIA are pre cursor • Embolus • Clot forms elsewhere • Hemorrhage • 20% vessel bursts, 80% die • Compression • Compression on cerebral artery

  13. Act FAST • F = facial weakness • A = Can a person raise both arms • S = Can they speak clearly and understand what you say • T = Time is of the essence Call 911, If out of country then call 999.

  14. First Aid • Maintain Airway • Administer O2 at 7-9 liters per minute • Keep calm and inactive

  15. Respiratory Emergencies • Dyspnea: shortness of breath • Many causes • Heat, cold • Allergies • Foreign proteins • COPD • Emphysema • Chronic Bronchitis • Lean forward

  16. Asthma • 6 signs • Spasmodic unproductive cough • Little movement of air during breathing • Hyperinflated chest with air trapped • Shallow , rapid, respirations • Rapid pulse • Fatigue • Accessory muscles of respiration Causes of asthma attacks Food allergies smoke fumes

  17. Diabetic Emergencies • Insulin - moves glucose out of bloodstream • Type I = (cannot make insulin) insulin dependent • Type II = (not making enough or target cells not responding) non-insulin dependent, controlled by diet and exercise • Gestational= hormones from placenta cause body to resist action of insulin

  18. Understanding Hyperglycemic and Hypoglycemic Emergencies • Hyperglycemic • Diabetic coma • Too much sugar • DKA = diabetic Ketoacidosis • Hypoglycemia • Insulin shock • Too much insulin • Grave medical emergency

  19. Signs and Symptoms • Hyperglycemia • Not been diagnosed • Not taken insulin • Infection, disrupted balance • R/O = MI, Stroke • SS: dry mouth • Abdominal pain • Vomiting • Drunk – altered mental status • Fruity breath • Hypoglycemia • Taken to much insulin • Faulty pump • Over exercise • Vomited after eating and taken insulin • SS: Clammy Skin , Perspiration • Dizziness • Fainting, convulsions • Rapid pulse • Intense hunger • Pale, cold, clammy skin, • Drooling

  20. Unresponsive Victim • Mental status is decreased- act drunk • Check for Medic Alert Tag or bracelet • Needle marks in thigh • Poor circulation • Amputation of toes, feet, or leg • When in doubt: give sugar • Minimal to overall blood levels

  21. First Aid for Blood Glucose Emergencies • ABpCDE • Open Airway - 40% collapse • Check head and neck for fall – unconsciousness • Watch for vomiting • Treat for shock • Give OJ with sugar, no hard candy • Unresponsive – sugar or glucose under tongue That’s 25,600 calories worth of Starbursts!!!

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