ISGF Technology Session

1. ISGF Technology Session Improving System Reliability through Automating Rural Feeders and Substations Amit Sharma 27th April 2012

2. Automatic Circuit Reclosers and Sectionalizers Amit Sharma 24th Nov 2011

3. Overhead Faults • Conductors clashing in the wind • 60% - 70% of faults are of a transient (temporary) nature: • Tree branches falling on overhead conductors • Animals or birds getting curious • Lightning strikes ð An “auto-reclose” cycle should clear the fault • Some are more permanent: • Careless motor vehicle drivers • Operating error : leaving earths connected etc ð “lock out” of the section

4. What is a Recloser ? • A Recloser is a protection device: • For overhead power lines • It is a circuit breaker with more arduous test & install conditions • Designed to RECLOSE on to a fault. • Terminology • The “auto-reclose” cycle • Will detect a fault and open for a pre-programmed time, before closing again automatically • This cycle can be repeated 3 times • Lockout typically on the fourth trip

5. What is a Sectionaliser ? • A Sectionaliser is a switch: • It is used in conjunction with an upstream “recloser” or “circuit breaker” • It counts the interruption created by a recloser during a fault sequence. • On a preset count • trips during the dead time of the up stream recloser • Isolates a faulty network section

6. Benefit to the Customer • Improved reliability of power supply • Quality of supply • Automatic recloser function - supply restoration after temporary faults • Reduced outage time • Minimise revenue loss • Event Log and Remote control • Reduce cost of fault finding • Better knowledge of the network • Reduction in the number of customer complaints

7. MV NETWORK MANAGEMENT

8. To obtain the best possible power quality The main issue is to reduce outage time and cost to the utility and its customers - why improve MV distribution?

9. By improving MV networks: By improving the MV networks management: - how can outage time be reduced? • Large number of short sections • Redundant networks • Reliable components… • With Fault Passage Indicators (FPI’s) • Or with remote controlled load break switches • Or with fully automated reclosers and sectionalizers

10. R2 different types of devices R

11. Temporary faults Permanent faults - overhead networks: types of faults 80% 20%

12. - temporary faults • Temporary faults can be cleared by the use of Automatic Circuit Reclosers (ACRs)

13. temporary fault: one recloser R

14. 15 s O C 100% Time - temporary fault: one recloser R

15. 15 s O C 100% Time - temporary fault: one recloser 15 s R

16. 100% Time - temporary fault: one recloser 15 s 15 s O C R

17. 15 s O C 100% Time - temporary fault: one recloser 15 s 15 s R

18. 100% Time - temporary fault: one recloser 15 s 15 s 15 s O C R 2 mn

19. R2 - temporary fault: TWO reclosers R1

20. R2 Time - temporary fault: TWO reclosers R1 Network B- 50% Network A- 50% Network B

21. - permanent faults Permanent faults cannot be cleared by automatic reclosing To manage “permanent faults”, the best solution is to add some “sectionalizers”

22. 100% 5H – 6H - case 1: no network automation Permanent fault R

23. 100% 95% 5H – 6H case 1: no network automation Permanent fault R

24. R case 2: addition of non-communicating fault passage indicators (FPI) An FPI for each branch of the network Add an FPI around each major «obstacle»…

25. - case 3: addition of communicating FPIs R Put several communicating FPIs in strategic locations

26. T T T T T - case 4: addition of communicating FPIs and remote controlled load break switches R remote controlled load breakswitches Communicating FPI

27. - case 5: recloser and sectionalizer load break switches R

28. - case 5: recloser and sectionalizer load break switches Overhead Sectionaliser load break switches are always associated with a recloseror circuit breaker: • S1 = opens after ONE reclosing operation • S2 = opens after TWO reclosing operations • S3 = opens after THREE reclosing operations • S4 = opens after FOUR reclosing operations

29. 1 S4 S3 S3 S2 S1 S2 1 1 - case 5: recloser and sectionalizer load break switches Permanent fault R

30. S4 S3 S3 S2 S1 S2 2 2 2 - case 5: recloser and sectionalizer load break switches Permanent fault R

31. 2 S4 S3 S3 S2 S1 S2 2 2 - case 5: recloser and sectionalizer load break switches Permanent fault R 2’

32. S4 S3 S3 S2 S2 S1 95% 75% - case 5: recloser and sectionalizer load break switches Permanent fault R 2’ 60’

33. 95% Case 1 A recloser 6 h 95% Case 2 A recloser + FPIs 3 h 95% Case 3 A recloser + FPI with Com 1h30 - summary of overhead networks 1/2 Permanent fault Overhead

34. 95% Case 5 A recloser and sectionalizers 75 % 1h 2’ - summary of overhead networks 2/2 Permanent fault Overhead 95% Case 4: A recloser, remote controlled switches and FPI with Com 70 % 1h 10’

35. Excellent Average Poor < 10 mn 30 mn >2 hrs Urban area Rural area < 30 mn 2 hrs >10 hrs SAIDI/SAIFI variations – Quality Power • SAIDI (System Average Interruption Duration Index) can vary from a few minutes to several hours, • SAIFI (System Average Interruption Frequency Index) can vary from 1to10and more, depending on : • population density (rural or urban area) • proportion between underground and overhead distribution • maximum accepted costsfor non distributed energy Permanent Interruptions (>1 mn)

36. 33/11 KV Unmanned Remote Controlled S/s

37. Compact, Unmanned, Remote controlled 33/11 KV S/s with 2 transformers each up to 10 MVA. • Half space than a conventional s/s. • Economic as very less civil work. • Saving in execution time and costly land in urban areas app. • Remote regular maintenance. • CB,Current & Voltage sensors are life sealed ,insensitive to the environment. • All types of protection OC,EF,UV,OV,OF,UF,DF, measurement KW,KWH,KVArH, data logging and event recording & self diagnostic facility helps to analyze the system and energy consumption. • Delivers quality power. • Automatic callout to the remote control station in case of predefined critical alarms. • Communication with the remote central control station using GPRS Network or other media like GSM, 3G, PSTN, Leased Lines, Radio, VSAT etc. using established and field proven IEC 60870-5-104. Scalable to SCADA. • Sub-station will have a unique aesthetic view in a crowded city.

38. 33/11 KV unmanned Remote controlled s/s within 25Mx15M space

39. 33/11 KV s/s at Judges Filed Guwahati with 2 Nos. 5 MVA Transformers.

40. 33/11 KV S/s at Kamakhya, Guwahati with 2x5MVA Trfr.

41. Unmanned 33/11 KV , 10 MVA s/s at Nalagarh, HP

42. Pole mounted 11 KV Breakers/AR ( Sub station Application)

43. Channel Mounted 33 KV Breakers (SS Aplication)

44. Typical layout of 33/11 KV s/s with 2 Nos. 5 MVA Trfr.

45. Architecture – GPRS

46. Architecture – ASEB (Judge’s Field S/S) Protocol Gateway Two way with Dynamic IPs Service provider independent VPN Data encryption Firewall Scalable to any third party SCADA

47. 33KV Remote controlled VCB- substation application

48. 33KV substation and feeder breaker

49. 33 KV breaker in 33/11 KV S/S with 33/11 KV transformer

50. 33KV outdoor VCB Breaker in Pandav-Nagar ( Delhi)