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BIOGAS ACTIVITIES AT AARHUS UNIVERSITY

BIOGAS ACTIVITIES AT AARHUS UNIVERSITY. DEPT. OF BIOSYSTEMS ENGINEERING Alastair Ward. 1200 m3 full scale reactor. Facilities. 4 x 130 litre pilot reactors. 2 x 10m3, 2 x 30m3 pilot reactors. Large batch test capacity. PRODUCTION OF BIOMASS AND BY-PRODUCTS FOR BIOGAS PRODUCTION.

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BIOGAS ACTIVITIES AT AARHUS UNIVERSITY

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  1. BIOGAS ACTIVITIES AT AARHUS UNIVERSITY DEPT. OF BIOSYSTEMS ENGINEERING Alastair Ward

  2. 1200 m3 full scale reactor Facilities • 4 x 130 litre pilot reactors • 2 x 10m3, 2 x 30m3 pilot reactors • Large batch test capacity

  3. PRODUCTION OF BIOMASS AND BY-PRODUCTS FOR BIOGAS PRODUCTION • Livestock manure slurry separation • A solid fraction enriched in organic matter to boost biogas production and phosphorous – reduced transport costs • The liquid fraction with the major part of ammoniacal nitrogen is used as a balanced fertiliser • Production and harvest of energy crops, • e.g. Miscanthus, annual crops • Harvest of meadow grass • Remove nutrients from lowland thereby preventing further eutrophication of inland water systems • The grass can be used for production of biogas and an organic fertiliser • Plants from rivers

  4. PRE-TREATMENT FOR INCREASED BIOGAS PRODUCTIVITY • Mechanical methods • Shredding, maceration, extrusion

  5. Extrusion • Pressing feedstock through a small hole • Increase in temperature ca. 15°C • Mean 17% increase in methane yield of various feedstocks after 90 days batch test

  6. Thermal treatment • Pressure cooking with and without CaO

  7. Extreme thermophilic

  8. Reactor configuration • Serial configuration (including extreme thermophilic) • Separate hydrolysis and methane production • Post digestion

  9. Addition of microbes or enzymes

  10. Up-stream separation • Use of solid fraction enriched with organic matter for biogas production Down-stream separation • Separation of digested slurry and recycling of solid fraction back into the reactor in order to increase the yield

  11. OPTIMISATION OF BIOGAS PROCESS • Inline / offline monitoring • NIRS, micro GC, MIMS, titration • Monitoring and control of inhibitory compounds (ammonia, hydrogen sulphide etc) • Ammonia stripping

  12. Controlled seasonal biogas production • Heat / electrical demand • Daily and yearly cycle • Addition of solid manure fractions or silage

  13. Co-digestion of solid manure (chicken litter etc.) • Handling high solids materials Modelling • Mechanistic models

  14. ORGANIC BIOGAS • Several projects on development of organic biogas production • The driving force is better use of nutrients and increased crop production on organic farms • Planning a new full scale reactor • Organic grass feed from local low lying areas • Negotiating heat supply to local village

  15. POST-TREATMENT • Use of digested slurry fractions • Use as fertiliser • Treatment of biogas to remove hydrogen sulphide • Upgrading of biogas to replace natural gas • Upgrading of biogas to a quality suitable for fuel cells • Very low content (few ppb) of sulphurous compounds • Co-generation (production of power and heat) • Odour treatments

  16. DIGESTED SLURRY AS FERTILISER • Manure slurry after a biogas process has a high value as fertiliser due to: • The organic part of nitrogen is converted to ammoniacal nitrogen (good fertiliser). • Increase infiltration into the soil • The undigested organic matter is recalcitrant and can improved the carbon content of the soil (improve soil structure and trap carbon matter in soil – carbon sequestration) • Reduced odour nuisance during application on farm land • Possible to adjust the nitrogen and phosphorous ratio with a liquid-solid separation

  17. ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS • A biogas plant with a sufficient combustion of biogas and with generation of power and heat has a profound reduction of the emission of greenhouse gases • Collection of methane (global warming potential ~ 25 times CO2) and efficient combustion to CO2 reduces the net emission of CO2-equivalents to the atmosphere • Biogas replaces fossil fuels • Improved fertiliser value • Reduces odour nuisance • Possible co-digestion of farm and industrial co-products • Separation can produce a fertiliser with a nutrient composition the meets the requirements of the crops

  18. ONGOING PROJECTS & TEACHING • Ca. 20 ongoing projects related to biogas • The projects are funded by: • national agencies • EU • private companies • The biogas team comprise 5 scientists and 2 PhD students • 4 courses at MSc. level • Energy crop production ( 5 ETCS points) • Biogas technology (10 ECTS points) • Biomass conversion to energy and fuel (10 ECTS points) • Harvest and handling techniques for energy crops and straw (5 ECTS points)

  19. Biogas scientific staff • Anders Peter Adamsen – Environment and Climate group leader • Henrik Bjarne Møller – Senior Scientist • Anders Michael Nielsen – Assistant Professor • Maibritt Hjorth – Assistant Professor • Alastair Ward – Post doc • PhD students • Chitra Raju • Sutaryo

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