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Ancient China

Ancient China. 4.4 The Unification of China. Chaos of Warring States leads to New Philosophies. Scholars try to restore Social order, Harmony, & Respect for authority. 3 Philosophical Systems. Confucianism Daoism (Taoism) Legalism. Yin & Yang. Opposite rhythms of the universe

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Ancient China

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  1. Ancient China 4.4 The Unification of China

  2. Chaos of Warring States leads to New Philosophies • Scholars try to restore Social order, Harmony, &Respect for authority

  3. 3 Philosophical Systems • Confucianism • Daoism (Taoism) • Legalism

  4. Yin &Yang Opposite rhythms of the universe Yin: Earth, Feminine, Passive, Tiger Yang: Sky, Masculine, Active, Dragon

  5. Confucius (551 – 479 BC) • China’s greatest scholar • Social harmony & good Govt. depend on the duties of 5 relationships • ruler & subject • father & son • husband & wife • older brother & younger • friend & friend

  6. Confucianism • Dominant philosophy of China • was supported by some Emperors • Values • Social Order through Filial Piety • Education is important to society • Everyone has Civic Responsibility • Govt. jobs (civil service) should be based on Merit

  7. Confucian Civil Service • Focus of Education = train Civil Servants= govt. workers • A trained civil service = Bureaucracy • Candidates were required to pass a test on Confucian ethics • Anyone could take it, but only rich could afford the education needed.

  8. Daoism • Founded by Laozi (6th Century BC) • The Dao = “The Way” = universal force that guides nature • Harmony comes from Nature = study nature to become one with the Dao = achieve internal harmony.

  9. Daoist Practices • Internal Harmony thru… • Tai Qi • Traditional Chinese Medicine • Astrology

  10. Legalism • Founded by Li Si • Order thru strong govt. that provides rich rewards & harsh punishments. • Govt. controls thoughts & actions

  11. The Qin Dynasty 221-202 BC • Founded by Qin Shi Huangdi • United China under an Autocratic Emperor. • Used Legalism to crush all political & intellectual threats.

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