Ashoke Madhab Roy Deputy Secretary Local Govt. Division Ministry of Local Government Rural Development & Cooperative

1. Bangladesh Country Presentation Ashoke Madhab Roy Deputy Secretary Local Govt. Division Ministry of Local Government Rural Development & Cooperatives

2. Country Profile - Bangladesh Area : 147,570 sq. km Population : 144 million Population Density : 976 persons per sq. km Location : In the West, North & North-East: India In the South East: Myanmar In the South: Bay of Bengal Average Height : 10m above sea level. Capital City : Dhaka Language : Bengali Currency : Taka (1 US$ = 68 Taka) Government : Parliamentary Form Main River : The Padma, the Jamuna & the Meghna Climate : Sub-tropical Temperature : 7.22 - 22.77 0C in winter & 23.88 - 38.5 0C in summer Average Rainfall : Annually 1429 to 4338 mm Main Export : Jute, Tea, Garments, Frozen Fish etc.

3. MDG Indicators Bangladesh MDGs Status at a Glance

4. Government Response • Department of Public Health Engineering (DPHE) • SACOSAN (2003) • Dhaka Declaration: Sanitation for All by 2010 • Recalls Education for All promise • Baseline survey: 2003 • 47% no access to any sanitation facility • 29% sanitary latrines • 24% unhygienic latrines

5. National Sanitation Strategy • National Strategy (2005) • Completely stopping open defecation • Sanitary latrines for all families (maximum 2 families) • All will use sanitary latrines • Sustainable arrangements for upkeep and maintenance • Improved personal hygiene practices • Wastewater, solid waste disposal also addressed

6. National Sanitation Strategy EcoSan Technologies for urban sanitation • Low cost appropriate technology (e.g. twin pit, eco san) should be promoted in peri-urban areas as well as in other small to medium sized urban centers where feasible.

7. Implementation • Full political support • National Sanitation Secretariat (DPHE) • Sanitation Task Forces (District, Upazila, Union) • Devolution to local government • Linkage with Pro-Poor Strategy for Water and Sanitation • National Sanitation Month

8. Budgetary Allocation • 20% of ADP earmarked for sanitation for hard-core poor FY 2005: Tk 180 million • 25% of union sanitation funds (about 20,000 Tk) for promotional activities • 10,000 Tk each ward member • Cash rewards: Open Defecation Free unions (200,000 Tk) and upazilas (500,000 Tk). > 1000 UPs by 2007 • 50 crore Tk (about 7 million USD) to DPHE for latrines

9. EcoSan Initiatives Autonomous organisation supported by Japan (JICA/JADE) and local NGOs have been taken initiative to promote Eco toilet in Bangladesh since 2004. Organizations are mainly: • Bangladesh Academy for Rural Development (BARD); • Society for People’s Action in Change and Action (SPACE) • Bangladesh Association for Social Advancement (BASA) • Practical Action

10. EcoSan Initiatives • With financial and technical supports of JADE, a Japanese NGO piloting 15 EcoSan toilets in 2004 ; • 135 EcoSan toilets constructed and usage by community so far • Over 80% toilets always found well-managed;

11. EcoSan Initiatives SPACE a local NGO supported by JADE/JICA • Constructed 25 Eco toilets in a flood prone areas; • 402 toilets at household level • 15 toilets in 5 schools • Cost of each household toilets Tk. 10,000 to 12500 (Equivalent to US$ 150 to 180) and toilet owners shared 30% to 40% of total construction costs. • 37 toilets installed by 100% cost paid by owners. • Each Secondary School EcoSan toilets (with 6 vaults, 6 urinals, 3 separate hand washing arrangements and room attached) costs Tk. 80,000 (Equivalent to US$ 1180). Schools have shared 20% of the total cost. • Initiative taken on micro-finance basis;

12. EcoSan Initiatives • BASA, a national NGO and Practical Action have jointly installed 9 EcoSan toilets in Gazipur with financial assistance of WASTE, Netherlands under ISSUE-2 project; • Installed 6 EcoSan toilets in Chittagong and Noakhali districts with financial assistance of WHO; • BASA has installed double vault household based UDD options • Each toilet costs Tk. 18500 to 20000 (equivalent to US$ 250-300) • Toilet owner’s shared 20% to 30% of total construction costs;

13. EcoSan Initiatives • Practical Action (PA) has piloted 2 EcoSan toilets in urban area of Faridpur and jointly installed 9 EcoSan toilets in Gazipur with BASA; • Another 5 local NGOs with technical supports of SPACE have started installation of EcoSan toilets in their project areas;

14. Initiatives of  EcoSan by GOB • GOB has undertaken initiatives for installation at least one EcoSan toilet in each union (4500 unions) as a demonstration and allocated resources accordingly; • 20% Unions could install the allocated EcoSan toilets

15. Design

16. Design

17. Design

18. Design

19. Adequacy • About 3000 Eco toilets are available in Bangladesh • Still under observation • For R&D it is adequate • For implementation it is still too small

20. Reflection in SACOSAN • Bangladesh experienced shared in the last SACOSAN (lll)

21. EcoSan potentials • Bangladesh population : 140 m • Products about 56 m tons of urine • Equivalent to 45 m tons of useable urea • Can replace about 30 m tons of chemical urea • Produces about 14 m tons of feaces • Can be converted to 3.5 m tons of useable compost • Can replace 0.8 m tons of chemical fertilizers

22. EcoSan potentials • Bangladesh currently uses around 5 m tons of chemical fertilizers which can be replaced by just bringing 25% of our population under the coverage of eco-sanitation

23. Challenges • Effective Coordination • User’s friendly and affordable designs • Limited funds – Govt. and Donors; • Absence of user’s friendly guidelines; • Building capacities at all levels; • Still considered pilot; • Local Authorities unaware;

24. Thank you