1. Which of the following is NOT one of the domains (highest taxonomic level) of life?

1. 1. Which of the following is NOT one of the domains (highest taxonomic level) of life? • Fungi • Archaea • Eukarya • Bacteria

3. 2. Which of the following types of organisms are composed of cells that do not contain a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles? • Eukarya • Bacteria • Archaea • Both A and B • Both B and C • Both A and C

4. 3. Which taxonomic level is just above class (more diverse)? • Genus • Phylum • Order • Family

6. 4. Which of the following is NOT one of the conditions required for natural selection? • Variability for a trait • Trait must be heritable • Trait must be dominant • Trait must lead to differential reproduction

7. Differential reproduction= differences in the survival and reproduction of different individuals in the population due to traits. It IS a requirement for natural selection. While natural selection can only act upon expressed traits (phenotype), if homozygous recessive individuals are less likely to survive, the recessive gene will decrease in the gene pool.

8. Differential reproduction= organisms having differences in numbers of surviving offspring due to different traits that make the m more likely to survive/find mates.

9. 5. Which of the following is a limit to natural selection? • Favorable trait must exist in the population. • Having have a high reproduction rate. • Having gene mutations • Having differential reproduction.

10. 6. Natural selection which eliminates individuals at both ends of the spectrum of variation is called • Directional Selection • Stabilizing Selection • Diversifying (or Disruptive) Selection • Bimodal selection

11. If natural selection pressure favors the average, and acts against BOTH extremes the distribution will narrow. Stabilizing Selection.

12. 7. If natural selection favors one extreme of a distribution, and acts against the other it is called • Directional Selection • Stabilizing Selection • Diversifying (or Disruptive) Selection • Genetic Drift

14. 8. Interactions between two species that results in ongoing evolutionary changes in each species is called • Convergent evolution • Directional evolution • Diversifying evolution • Coevolution

15. 9. Which of the following is an example of convergent evolution. • Giraffes evolving longer necks to reach high branches. • A newt species adapting to have high levels of toxins because its predator adapts by having a tolerance to toxin. • Flower evolving colors to attract bees • Whales and fish adapting to water with streamlined shape

16. In convergent evolution, the trait is not shared by more closely related species. The trait evolved independently in more distantly related species because the of similarities in natural selection pressure.

18. 10. Which of the following would most likely lead to speciation? • Coevolution • Stabilizing selection • Geographic isolation • Mutualistic relationship

20. 11. A shift in a gene pool due to random chance … • is called an adaptation • is called genetic drift • is called evolution • both A and C • is not possible

21. 12. Genetic drift is more likely to occur … • In a species with a high reproductive rate • In a species with a low reproductive rate • In a small population • In a large population

22. Genetic Drift The population above shifts from being 66% brown to 85% brown not because of an adaptive change (a characteristic that makes the population better suited for the environment) but because of a random event. Example- Polydactyly in the Pennsylvania Amish

23. 13. When two species that compete over a food source or habitat adapt over time to utilize the resource in a way that avoids or reduces competition it is called • Competitive exclusion • Interference competition • Resource partitioning • Resilience

25. 14. Which of the following would most likely cause adaptive radiation to occur? • The introduction of an invasive species • A mass extinction • Human population growth • Long term stability in the climate

26. Adaptive radiation (many species evolve from an original ancestor) may occur when there are many available niches. Mass extinctions may create available niches. The differing conditions of the Galapagos Islands created different available niches.

27. 15. Specialist species have a _____ niche and have an advantage in a ______ environment. • broad; stable • narrow; stable • broad; rapidly changing • narrow; rapidly changing

28. 16. Endemic species are • species that are found nowhere else • species that serve as early warnings that a community is being damaged • species that play a critical role in the ecosystem • species that spread disease

29. 17. Exploitation competition occurs when • One species limits another species’ access • One species uses the resource more efficiently

30. 18. Typical trends in succession is for diversity to ______ with time and for plant size to ______ with time. • both increase • both decrease • increase; decrease • decrease; increase

32. 19. The trees in a mature/climax community in a temperate deciduous forest biome generally _______ than trees earlier in the succession process. • are slower growing • have higher light requirements • have lower light requirements • A and B • A and C

33. In ecological succession, faster growing plants are replaced over time by slower growing species that are better able to compete for light and other resources.

34. 20. Inertia (or persistence) is ability of an ecosystem. • recover after a disturbance. • survive minor ecological disturbances. • develop into a mature/climax community. • to expand its range.

35. 21. Rainforest have a high level of biodiversity but very poor soil (because with very high productivity nutrients get used up quickly and are store in the high biomass of the rainforest. These conditions causer rainforest to have _____ inertia/persistence and _____ resilience. • high; low • low; high • both high • both low

36. The high biodiversity creates many available niches- so that a rainforest has more inertia to withstand minor ecological disruptions. However, with very poor soil, a rainforest is not resilient and generally can not rebound well from major ecological disruptions.

37. 22. The top two causes of loss of biodiversity are • habitat loss and pollution • habitat loss and invasive species • pollution and invasive species • invading hippos and elephants

38. 23. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic that might make a species extinction-prone? • low on the food chain • low reproductive rate • specialist • Commercially valuable

39. Organisms that are HIGHER on the food chain must be supported by a greater biomass of the previous levels.

40. 24. Which of the following is NOT a reason that migratory birds are so hard to protect? • They cross country boundaries. • They often nest in wetlands. • They are often generalists. • They require a lot of habitat.

41. 25. The Endangered Species Act • requires a plan to protect endangered species while taking into consideration economic impact. • is directed by the EPA. • protects only species living on federal lands. • All of the above

42. 26. An international ban on trade of ivory is part of • ESA • Convention on Biological Diversity • CITES • Montreal Protocol • Kyoto Protocol

43. CITES = Convention on International Trade of Exotic Species

44. 27. A smaller island (or wildlife preserve) is expected to have a lower species diversity because • a higher rate of extinction • a lower rate of extinction • a higher rate of immigration • a lower rate of immigration • Both A and D • Both B and C

45. Theory of Island Biogeography The point at which the immigration line intersects the extinction line predicts the number of species. Small islands generally have a lower migration rate because they are a smaller target for migrating species. Small islands generally have a higher extinction rate because they have fewer available resources/ niches.

46. 28. Which of the following describes your knowledge of the Evolution/Biodiversity Unit? • I am ready to ace the test. • Eh. I need to study more. • What does biodiversity mean again?

47. D E B C A B A D D C B C C B B A B C E B A B A C A C E