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Reducing the Operational Complexity of Stereoscopic Production Camera Systems

Reducing the Operational Complexity of Stereoscopic Production Camera Systems. Michael Bergeron Panasonic Broadcast. Hollywood Post Alliance Tech Retreat 2010. What is 3D?. 3D Describes graphics or animation where images are rendered from 3 dimensional modeling

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Reducing the Operational Complexity of Stereoscopic Production Camera Systems

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  1. Reducing the Operational Complexity of Stereoscopic Production Camera Systems Michael Bergeron Panasonic Broadcast Hollywood Post Alliance Tech Retreat 2010

  2. What is 3D? • 3D Describes graphics or animation where images are rendered from 3 dimensional modeling • 3D Describes any display system with an appearance of depth • 3D is possible without glasses but this is a very different kind of technology • For this discussion…. 3D = Stereo Video i.e., We need a left eye image and a right eye image Hollywood Post Alliance Tech Retreat 2010

  3. How does one display stereo as 3D? • Must have a left eye image and a right eye image • Left eye must only see left eye image • Right eye must only see the right image • You could use goggles with displays in them • But for this discussion…. 3D = 3D Glasses Hollywood Post Alliance Tech Retreat 2010

  4. Passive Glasses: projector • Two independent left and right projectors • Orthogonal polarization blacks left picture from right eye and right from left • Projectors must have twice the illumination Left Right Orthogonal* polarizers, or specialized color separation filters** Left and right eye filters match the projectors screen *e.g., For RealD ”Orthogonal” means circular/circular @ different angles **Dolby 3D uses Wavelength multiplex visualization Hollywood Post Alliance Tech Retreat 2010

  5. Passive Glasses: single projector screen L, R, L, R, L, R… • Left and right frames alternate from projector (more than twice per frame) • Switched polarizer is synched with the projector • Same passive glasses can be used as two projector system e.g., 144 Frames per second Alternating orthogonal* polarizers, or specialized color separation filters** Left and right eye filters match the projectors *e.g., For RealD ”Orthogonal” means circular/circular @ different angles **Dolby 3D uses Wavelength multiplex visualization Hollywood Post Alliance Tech Retreat 2010

  6. Passive Glasses: Flat Panel (Micropolarized) • Left and right image appear on the display simultaneously • Micropolarizing film on the display polarizes left image in same direction on alternating lines, and right image is polarized the other direction on the opposite lines • Passive polarizing glasses block left image from right eye and right image from left eye • 3D Image is ½ resolution of the display Hollywood Post Alliance Tech Retreat 2010

  7. Active Shutter Glasses HDMI 1.4 Left Right IR Signal • Left right frames alternate on 120 fps Panel • IR emitter sends sync signal from the display • Active glasses block left and right eye with LCD shutter as right and left images are displayed • 3D Image is Full HD Resolution • Full HD = 1080i for each eye, 720p 60 for each eye or 1080 24p for each eye. • Display is capable of 1080 60p but there is no content Left Right Left Right Left Right Hollywood Post Alliance Tech Retreat 2010

  8. Regardless of display system to be used To Produce Stereo Content With a Camera System… • System must link 2 cameras (i.e., align them and control in parallel) • 2. System must manage parallax of two images • 3. System must correct optical or parallax errors for “good 3D Hollywood Post Alliance Tech Retreat 2010

  9. HC1800 A Camera Rig Locks Two 2D Cameras together on a rigid frame Lens servos must be Linked Left Eye camera Lens Servo System Focus, Zoom and Iris Time-code matched Imagers synchronized Right Eye camera HC1800 Lens Servo System Focus, Zoom and Iris • System must link 2 cameras (i.e., align them and control in parallel) Hollywood Post Alliance Tech Retreat 2010

  10. 2. System must manage parallax of two images Hollywood Post Alliance Tech Retreat 2010

  11. Convergence Plane Can Be adjusted Converge behind Converge in front Lch Lch Lch Rch Rch Rch Hollywood Post Alliance Tech Retreat 2010

  12. When editing or switching convergence plane must be consistent with perspective Close Up Medium Shot Wide Shot Hollywood Post Alliance Tech Retreat 2010

  13. Inter-ocular distance impacts scale perspective & comfortable 3D viewing Disparity is too little Disparity is too much Lch Lch Rch Rch 3D is imperceptible 3D is painful IO too narrow IO too wide ?? !! Hollywood Post Alliance Tech Retreat 2010

  14. Inter-related factors impacting disparity Imager Inter-ocular focal convergence size distance length angle 1 3 2 closest most distant object object Display size viewing distance viewer inter-ocular Hollywood Post Alliance Tech Retreat 2010

  15. R Side By Side Rig Top View • Minimum inter-ocular > 0 • Tight close up is a problem • Minimum inter-ocular depends on camera/lens size • Wider Inter-ocular is possible • Good for shooting distant objects L io Hollywood Post Alliance Tech Retreat 2010

  16. Beam-splitter rig L Side View L • Minimum inter-ocular = 0 • Camera can be any size • Good for shooting close objects • Beam-splitter acts as a polarizer • Additional alignment challenges io R Front View R Hollywood Post Alliance Tech Retreat 2010

  17. Right Right Right Right Left Left Left Left System must correct optical or parallax errors for “good 3D Vertical convergence error Distortion error Focal length mismatch error Variable picture quality can be forgiven. Bad 3D ? GOOD 3D Regardless of individual left and right picture quality. L/R Mismatches lead to BAD 3D !! Hollywood Post Alliance Tech Retreat 2010

  18. Ways to correct 3D Errors • Optical/Mechanical • most expensive • Not necessarily possible • Post production • Most common • Not useful for live production • expensive • Real time processing • expensive Hollywood Post Alliance Tech Retreat 2010

  19. 3D Rigs represent quite a bit of engineering excellence and operator skill Can I scale the system down? • System must link 2 cameras (i.e., align them and control in parallel) • Lower cost systems tend to have looser alignment specifications • 2. System must manage parallax of two images • Can this be done without a 2 person crew • 3. System must correct optical or parallax errors for “good 3D • Additional post 3D correction will erase any cost savings These 2 oppose one another Hollywood Post Alliance Tech Retreat 2010

  20. Iris Focus Zoom ? Iris Focus Zoom Convergence Operation should move From “Guitar Hero” Easy… To “Guitar Hero” Medium Hollywood Post Alliance Tech Retreat 2010

  21. Lens Servo System Parallax adjust Can We Integrate Lenses and Cameras? Left Eye camera Parallax adjust Focus, Zoom and Iris Right Eye camera HC1800 Lens Servo System Focus, Zoom and Iris Hollywood Post Alliance Tech Retreat 2010

  22. Advantages of small format fixed lens form factor • Small imager permits side by side configuration with >2.5” inter-ocular • Lenses assembled tracked and optimized with imagers during assembly • Integrated servo controlled optics employ look up tables for accurate tracking • User interface can support an additional convergence control on camera and on remote • Can take advantage of in-camera electronic optical correction for 3D correction Hollywood Post Alliance Tech Retreat 2010

  23. Employ same type of LSI Convergence added to LUT Correct for L/R lens differences Can adjust for distortion as well as chroma aberrations Chromatic Aberration Compensation CAC compensation circuit Bch Camera Processing lens Y Gch Pb compensation circuit Rch Lens model A Position (I,F,Z ) Pr calculate the amount of the compensation P1 Lens positioning data IRIS/FOCUS/ZOOM Lens model number P2 HJ17x7.6 HA22x7.8 Compensated Aberration HJ22x7.6 HA16x6.3 Aberration P3 CAC database *CAC activate in real time adaptively with lens condition such as zoom, iris and focus position. Spacial Position Hollywood Post Alliance Tech Retreat 2010

  24. Why This Camera First? Hollywood Post Alliance Tech Retreat 2010

  25. Complimentary Product • This was the biggest hole in the market • Small Format means small format • If you could shoot project with 2D small format camera this camera may be perfect • Fixed Inter-ocular impacts camera placement • The rules of shooting good 3D still apply (so you still must learn them) • This camera is meant to help you learn them! Hollywood Post Alliance Tech Retreat 2010

  26. R Under Study sensitivity? This is often determined late in development If/how automatic convergence is accomplished Zoom Range? Impacted by L Inter-ocular < 2.5” but how much smaller? Maximum convergence angle? Goal is to minimize bad 3D

  27. What We Know AG-3DA1 - Lens Under review - Recording Media 2 x SD card *L / R each recorded to one card - Rec. Format AVCHD PH mode 1080/60i, 50i, 30p, 25p 24p(Native) 720/60p, 50p(Native) - Lens Adjustment Focus, zoom, iris, Convergence - VF, LCD L,R, or Mix(Overlay) - Microphone Internal Stereo Mic XLR (optional: AG-MYA30G) - Meta Data TBD - Weight (Target) Under 3.0kg - Power Consumption 16W - Power Battery, AC Adapter 1. Twin Lens (2 Optical Components) 2. Lightweight and Compact 3. Easy Operation lenses matched during manufacturing Hollywood Post Alliance Tech Retreat 2010

  28. BC &Professional 25.5-inch 3D LCD Monitor BT-3DL2550 - Panel 25.5-inch IPS panel WUXGA (1920x1200) - 3D Filter Type Xpol polarizing filter - Color Space Same as 2550 - New Function Pixel-to-pixel for 720P displaying - 3D Interface HD-SDI x 2 *w/ 2: L, R simultaneous *w/ 1: *Line-by-line, Side-by-side DVI-Dx1 *Line-by-line, Side-by-side - Power Supply DC24V - Dimensions 599(W) x 410(H) x 100(D) mm - Std. Accessory 3D polarizing glasses (2) AC adapter 1. Professional 3D LCD Monitor 2. Using Xpol Polarizing Filter 3. Professional I/F Support HD-SDI x 2 for simultaneous L,R 3D signals Hollywood Post Alliance Tech Retreat 2010

  29. 3. With external recording device 1. With new professional 3D monitor P2HD (L, R dual card rec.) BT-3DL2550 HD-SDI x 2 *L,R simultaneous *S-two, Codex, KG, SR HD-SDI x 2 *L,R simultaneous HD-SDI x 2 *L,R simultaneous 2. With other 3D monitors 3. With consumer TV (PDP) Astro Design Consumer TV i.e. 3D-PDP HD-SDI x 2 *L, R simultaneous JVC HDMI Ver.1.4 *Field/Frame sequential ? HDMI Hollywood Post Alliance Tech Retreat 2010 Ver.1.3 Ver.1.4

  30. Hollywood Post Alliance Tech Retreat 2010

  31. Hollywood Post Alliance Tech Retreat 2010

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