Direct Speech Vs Indirect Speech

1. Direct SpeechVs Indirect Speech

2. Three Kinds of Direct Speech displays

3. Type 1 He said, “The first hero in Thai history was King Ram Kam Hang.”

4. Type 2 “The first hero in Thai history was King Ram Kam Hang,” he said.

5. Type 3 “The first hero in Thai history,” he said, “was King Ram Kam Hang.”

6. How to use ‘Say and Tell’ • We use ‘tell’ if we want to say who we are speaking to: -Did you tell Nancy how to get there? 2. We use ‘say’ when we do not mention the person we are speaking to: -All the doctors say there’s nothing wrong with me.

7. Changing DS to IDS • Change “Tense” • Change “Personal pronoun” • Change “Nearness to Distance • Change “Reporting verb”

8. Changing Tenses He said, "I live in Paris." He said he lived in Paris. He said, "I am cooking dinner." He said he was cooking dinner. He said, "I have visited London twice." He said he had visited London twice. He said, "I went to New York last week." He said he had gone to New York the week before. He said, "I had already eaten." He said he had already eaten. He said, "I am going to find a new job." He said he was going to find a new job. He said, "I will give Jack a call." He said he would give Jack a call.

9. When do we change the tense? • After a past-tense verb, there is often a tense change. • If the statement is still up to date, then we have a choice to change or to maintain. • If the statement is no longer up to date, then we change the tense. • We usually change the tense if we think the statement is untrue or may be untrue.

10. Modal Verbs • canHe said, “I cango to school every day.” • couldHe said (that) he couldgo to school every day. • mayHe said, “I may go to school every day.” • mightHe said (that) he might go to school every day. • mightHe said, “I might go to school every day.” • mustHe said, “I must go to school every day.” • had toHe said (that) he had to go to school every day. • have toHe said, “I have to go to school every day.” • shouldHe said, “I should go to school every day.” • shouldHe said (that) he should go to school every day. • ought toHe said, “I ought to go to school every day.” • ought toHe said (that) he ought to go to school every day

11. Nearness to Distance