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Dating CO 2 leakage rates from a natural analogue for CO 2 storage

Dating CO 2 leakage rates from a natural analogue for CO 2 storage. Zoe Shipton (GU), Neil Burnside (GU/SUERC), Rob Ellam (SUERC), Ben Dockrill (Chevron). CO 2 Capture Project Statoil, Norsk Hydro, Shell, BP, Eni, EnCana Suncor, ChevronTexaco, Norway, EU, US DOE. Geological setting.

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Dating CO 2 leakage rates from a natural analogue for CO 2 storage

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  1. Dating CO2 leakage rates from a natural analogue for CO2 storage Zoe Shipton (GU), Neil Burnside (GU/SUERC), Rob Ellam (SUERC), Ben Dockrill (Chevron) CO2 Capture Project Statoil, Norsk Hydro, Shell, BP, Eni, EnCanaSuncor, ChevronTexaco, Norway, EU, US DOE

  2. Geological setting Shipton et al. 2005

  3. Present Leakage Oil seep

  4. Past Leakage Dockrill 2006, Dockrill and Shipton 2008

  5. SWFs LGWF MF Dockrill and Shipton 2008, Vrolijk et al. 2006

  6. Individual mounds active for up to ~10ka • Evidence of reactivation of these pathways with 3 distinct mounds ranging in age of ~45ka • Flow pathways switch repeatedly through time

  7. Leak points spread along the faults as pathways become completely sealed • Flow not continuous - periods of inactivity indicate intermittent flow regime to the surface

  8. Volumetric estimates • min. LGW travertine volume 1.5 x 105 m3 = 4.3 x 108 kg CO2 • if 10% of CO2 trapped in travertine ~ 1.9 x 109 kg CO2 leaked over ~80-110 k yrs • Time- averaged flux > 0.84 kg/m2/yr = 0.6μmol/m2/s • forest floor 2 to 20μmol/m2/s (Drewitt et al., 2002) • Mammoth Mtn tree kill avg 400μmol/m2/s (Benson & Hepple 05) • Gouveia et al. (2005) Crystal Geyser emits CO2 ~ 12 ktonnes/year • Recent increase due to drilling? • Constraints on volume through time from new dates • combined CO2 storage capacity of fault-sealed traps ~ 0.6 - 6.3 Mt • Dependent on saturation state and density of CO2 • Assuming leakage confined to above trap • leak rate of over ~ 0.2% to 1.9% every 500 yrs

  9. Observed changes in flow pattern may be caused by: • sealing of fault pathways by carbonate precipitation • changes in stress on faults or regional hydrology • ~ 30 to 300% of total trap capacity leaked over 110 kyrs • What leak rate acceptable for industrial storage? • Natural CO2 reservoirs in Utah = laboratory to study leakage of CO2 • natural springs • boreholes • elevated soil gas?

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