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The French Revolution in a Nutshell

The French Revolution in a Nutshell. STAGES:. The Ancien Régime in Crisis (up to 1789) The Moderate Phase (1789-1791) The Reign of Terror (Radical Phase) (1791-1794) The Thermidorian Reaction (End Phase) (1794-1799). The Ancien Régime in Crisis.

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The French Revolution in a Nutshell

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  1. The French Revolution in a Nutshell

  2. STAGES: • The Ancien Régime in Crisis (up to 1789) • The Moderate Phase (1789-1791) • The Reign of Terror (Radical Phase) (1791-1794) • The Thermidorian Reaction (End Phase)(1794-1799)

  3. The Ancien Régime in Crisis 18th century France was made up of three estates: • First Estate-Clergy • Owned 10% of land, paid no taxes (by made annual gifts) • Second Estate-Nobility • Owned ¼ to 1/3 of land in France, exempt from taxation • Third Estate- “Everyone Else” • Bourgeoisie, Peasants, Urban Laborers • Carried the burden of taxation • 96% of the population of France

  4. The Moderate Phase (1789-1791) • By 1787, French government was in financial crisis. France was a “rich country with a poor government.” • Louis XVI calls the Estates General for the first time since 1614. • June 1789—3rd Estate creates the National Assembly and makes the “Tennis Court Oath” • July 14, 1789—Parisians storm the Bastille, followed by Bread Riots and the Great Fear in rural France. • Aug. 1789- “Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizen”

  5. The Radical Phase (1791-1794) • 1789-1791—France is governed by the Assembly. • New constitution is signed in 1791, creating a constitutional monarchy. • 1792-political power of Paris’s Sans-Culottes creates the National Convention, abolishes the monarchy and executes Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette. France is now a republic. • 1793-1794-Reign of Terror, led my Maximilien Robespierre (Committee of Public Safety) and the Jacobins (radical lower bourgeoisie). • During the Reign of Terror, many Girondins(wealthier bourgeoisie) are arrested and executed.

  6. The Thermidorian Reaction (1794-1799) • July 1794-Robespierre is executed. • Thermidorian Reaction-Girondins take control of government and execute many Jacobins. • French government is now led by the Directory. • Coup against the Directory occurs on Nov. 9, 1799. • Leads to the rise of Napoleon.

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