Title: A flawed peace and its dire consequences Do Now:

1. Aim: What challenges were leaders of the Allied countries forced to deal with as the war came to a close? • Title: A flawed peace and its dire consequences • Do Now: • 1. Discuss this question with the person next to you and be prepared to share with the class • a. Think of an argument or conflict you have had with someone. How did you end • it? Was it completely squashed, or does it • still come up?

2. OBJECTIVE I • Upon the conclusion of a war, major fight, what happens/occurs • afterwards? • - Students are asked to list and then examine at least two (2) • things that often occur/happens once a war has concluded • its course. • - If any, what problems might the differing “parties” face right • after the war? • - Can a post war era lead to another war? Why, or why not?

3. A Flawed Peace? Now, based on the Do Now, how likely will excess punishment lead to more misbehavior? Think carefully prior to responding. - Always? Sometimes? Or never?

4. A Flawed Peace :World War I Ends (Ch. 27. 4 – 27.5)

5. The Allies meet at Versailles • Delegates represented 32 different countries. • Russia, Germany, and Germany’s allies were not represented. • Most decisions were made by the big four: • Woodrow Wilson – U.S. • Georges Clemenceau – France • David Lloyd George – Great Britain • Vittorio Orlando – Italy

6. German Republic Austria-Hungary Ottoman Empire • Some countries not invited to Paris: LOSER were not welcomed to this party.. wink! wink! Why? need to blame Germans Why? Country to be broken up Why? Will also be broken up – British want Mid East Lenin & Russia Colonies seeking Independence Why? Traitor & don’t like communists! Nationalist leaders not invited or asked to leave

7. Paris Peace Conference 1) Woodrow Wilson - USA 2) Lloyd George – Great Britain Wants lasting peace! Punish Germany! • The PPC begins in January of 1919 • The big four goals: 1)Fourteen Points 1)German reparations a)Self determination 2)Weaken German Army b)League of Nations 3) Central Powers should lose territory 4) Vittorio Orlando - Italy 3) Georges Clemenceau - France Get Anything! 1)Want land from Austria-Hungary Get Revenge! 1)Blame Germany for war 2)Take back territory 3) German reparations

8. OBJECTIVE II • Compare & contrast the Treaty of Versailles with that of Pres. Thomas Woodrow Wilson’s 14 Points. - Students are asked to reference their notes, HW, & textbook carefully while conducting this assignment.

9. A just and lasting peace; An end to secret treaties Freedom of the seas Free Trade Reduction of EVERYONE’S armies and navies Self-Determination for colonies The creation of a WORLD PEACE ORGANIZATION Concerned with National Security Concerned with cost of rebuilding nations’ lands Desire to strip Germany of its war-making power Make Germany pay! Chapter 27 – Section 4 & 5 A FLAWED PEACEWILSON’S goal of achieving a JUST peace differed from the peace objective of FRANCE and BRITAIN Concerns of Britain & France Wilson's 14 Points!

10. Treaty of Versailles

11. Treaty of Versailles • 1918: Treaty signed by Great Britain, France, United States, Italy, Germany, and Austria • Treaty officially ends World War I • Treaty decided the direction of the World After World War I

12. What was the Treaty Supposed To Do? A fair peace achieved by ending secret treaties freedom of the seas free trade between nations smaller militaries

13. What was the Treaty Supposed To Do? fairness towards colonized peoples self-determination: letting colonized peoples rule themselves League of Nations: an international world wide peace keeping organization

14. TO PUNISH GERMANY! Reward themselves strip Germany of its ability to wage war, What Did Great Britain and France Want the Treaty to Do?

15. Punishment for Germany Germany lost a lot of territory!! Germany had severe restrictions placed on its military Germany had to pay $33 Billion in reparations to GB/Fr. “War-Guilt Clause:”accept total blame for the war

16. U.S. President Woodrow Wilson

17. Wilson’s 14 Points • President Wilson’s Plan to maintain world peace after World War I

18. Wilson’s 14 Points • Included League of Nations: an international peace keeping organization

19. League of Nations • America did not join: they didn’t want to be dragged into future European wars because of treaties or alliances • Without U.S. support the League of Nations was unable to take action in various problems and disputes around the world

20. What does this political cartoon suggest about the League of Nations?

21. What does this political cartoon suggest about the League of Nations? The cartoon shows U.S. Pres. Thomas Woodrow Wilson blowing bubbles

22. Countries Feel Cheated • a legacy of resentment and rage amongst Germans • Africans/Asians were angry they weren’t granted independence • Japan and Italy angry they weren’t given as much land as GB and France

23. Legacy of the Treaty of Versailles • Problems, greed, shortcomings of the Treaty of Versailles caused more anger, frustration, and resentment that before World War I • The Shortcomings of the Treaty eventually allowed _____________to rise to power……………

24. Let’s Discuss… Why did so many people believe this was the “War to end all Wars”? Do you believe it is possible to prevent WAR? Why or why not? Knowing what you know about World War One, what are some ways World War Two could have been prevented?

25. LEGACY OF THE TREATY OF VERSAILLESBitterness and Loss!!! Why did the USA Reject the Treaty? How did this rejection affect the League of Nations? Why did many countries feel bitter and cheated as a result of the treaty? GERMANY … AFRICANS & ASIANS … JAPANESE & ITALIANS…

26. LEGACY OF THE TREATY OF VERSAILLESBitterness and Loss!!! Why did the USA Reject the Treaty? • Senate and citizens object to the League of Nations… Did not want to align with European “WARMONGERS” • Believed the USA should Stay out of Europe’s Affairs… Isolationists/Neutrality attitude. ISOLATIONISM!!! How did this rejection affect the League of Nations? Without American support, League is unable to Succeed… NO MILITARY TO ENFORCE ITS DECISIONS!!! Why did many countries feel bitter and cheated as a result of the treaty? GERMANY … War Guilt left Legacy of hatred! (Unfortunately, this “PUNISHMENT” of Germany, added to the Great Depression, led to the rise of the National Socialist German Workers Party aka NAZI Party & some guy named, Adolf Hitler (a decorated WWI veteran)… By any chance, have you heard of him? Hmmm!) AFRICANS & ASIANS … Angry that they were not granted independence! JAPANESE & ITALIANS… This will later lead to future imperialism for both countries. As a result, like the Great War (WWI) it was one of the primary causes of WWII. Gained less land than they wanted.

27. Germany • Peace seen as imposed & harsh both by • New regime (Socialists and Catholics) • Supporters of older order • Germany weakened, but • neither entirely • nor permanently • Reject war guilt clause • Reluctant to acknowledge defeat

28. Adolph Hitler (r. 1933-1945)

29. Bottom line: What say you? • Did the peace treaties • Provide security? • Make the world safe for democracy? Was it • The best possible solution at the time? or • A flawed peace? - Give your reasoning