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HARDSHIPS OF INDUSTRIAL LIFE

HARDSHIPS OF INDUSTRIAL LIFE. CHAPTER 7 - SECTION 3. THE NEW INDUSTRIAL CITY. Urbanization - movement of people to cities Why? 1) changes in farming 2) population growth 3) demand for workers. THE NEW INDUSTRIAL CITY. Manchester, England Became center of textile industry.

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HARDSHIPS OF INDUSTRIAL LIFE

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  1. HARDSHIPS OF INDUSTRIAL LIFE CHAPTER 7 - SECTION 3

  2. THE NEW INDUSTRIAL CITY • Urbanization - movement of people to cities • Why? • 1) changes in farming • 2) population growth • 3) demand for workers

  3. THE NEW INDUSTRIAL CITY • Manchester, England • Became center of textile industry. • 17,000 people 1750 • 40,000 people 1780 • 70,000 people 1801 • Coal vapor, polluted air, stench, steam engines

  4. THE NEW INDUSTRIAL CITY • Wealthy and Middle Class live in nice neighborhoods • Poor live in foul smelling tenements • NO sewage, running water • Garbage in the streets • Disease - cholera - spread rapidly

  5. THE FACTORY SYSTEM • Differed greatly from farm work • Rigid schedules • Long hours = 12 - 16 • Accidents - no safety device - loose fingers, limbs • Black Lung • Sick = fired

  6. THE FACTORY SYSTEM • Employers prefer women • Why - easier to manage, could pay them less • Problems = out of home 12 hours a day • Still have to come home and cook, clean etc.

  7. THE FACTORY SYSTEM • Child Labor • Why - nimble fingered and quick • changed spools • Through narrow mine shafts • Money earned helped family • Often are orphans

  8. THE FACTORY SYSTEM • Soon many object. • Parliament creates laws • Children as young as five - dead, twisted limbs, uneducated

  9. THE WORKING CLASS • Skilled artisans protest loss of jobs to factory • Luddites - followed Ned Ludd (fictional) who smashed machines • NO organizing, bargaining, strikes

  10. THE WORKING CLASS • Methodist Church - Founded by John Wesly • Stress personal faith, soberness • Preached forgiven sins, hope salvation • Sunday school - read & write SOCIAL REFORM

  11. THE NEW MIDDLE CLASS • Members • Merchants - invested profits • Inventors - created new technology • Dressed and ate well • Political

  12. THE NEW MIDDLE CLASS • Women • Encouraged to become “ladies” and be “ladylike” • Drawing, embroidery, piano • NO housework - maid • Daughters taught these values

  13. THE NEW MIDDLE CLASS • Valued hard-work • Determination to get ahead • Confidence • No sympathy for poor - their fault - lazy - need to work your way up

  14. Improved working conditions Labor Unions -Can bargain, better hours, wages, conditions Many gain power to vote Many jobs - more opportunities Low pay Unemployment Dismal living conditions BENEFITS AND PROBLEMS

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