Manchester PGCE

1. Manchester PGCE RE: Session 3 Faith: Islam Approach: Co-operative Learning Structures

2. Islam at a Glance • Islam is the second most popular faith in the world with over a thousand million adherents. Those who follow Islam are called Muslims. • Islam is now very strong in Asia, and is growing everywhere else in the world. • There are between 1.5 and 3 million Muslims in Britain, making it the second most popular faith here, too. • Over 1300 years old. • Began in Arabia • Islam was revealed to humanity by the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) • Muslims believe that there is only one god. The Arabic word for God is Allah. • Islam was revealed to humanity by the Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) • The Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) was a human being, not a god. • Muslims believe that Muhammad (pbuh) was the last prophet of God • The word Islam means surrender to God • The Muslim scripture is the Holy Qur'an • The Muslim building for communal worship is called a Mosque • There are two main groups of Muslims. Sunni Muslims make up 90% of the world's Muslims. The other main group are the Shi’itesShi’ites

3. Co-operative Learning Structures • Is this your classroom? • (Brett’s first lesson - Teachers’ TV) • Hands-up • Good sitting • Lips together 10% of the kids get 90% of your time, so … 90% of the kids get 10% of your time, so… in a class of 30, each learner gets 5 minutes quality time with you per week! There has to be a better way of teaching

4. Maximising On-Task Behaviour • Numbered Heads Together • Round Robin • Stand up, Hand up, Pair up • Quiz, quiz, trade • Carousel

5. Numbered Heads Together • Sit the learners in groups of 4 • Each person has a number (1-4) • Introduce the topic for discussion • Learners discuss it for 1/2/3 minutes • Give quiet signal • Spin a spinner to determine which numbers will stand up (e.g. all nos. 3) • All learners of that number and give their team’s opinion • Praise each team

6. Let’s have a go… • Please perform the next task using the structure Numbered Heads Together • So, before you start number all the people on the table from 1-4 (you may have more than one of each number, but that doesn’t matter for us to see how it works)

7. The 1st Pillar - ShahadahDeclaration of Faith • The Shahadah is written in Arabic on the Saudi Arabian flag • "There is no God but Allah, and Muhammad (pbuh) is his messenger." • This is the basic statement of the Islamic faith: anyone who cannot recite this wholeheartedly is not a Muslim. • When a Muslim recites this they proclaim: • That Allah is the only God, and that Muhammad (pbuh) is his prophet • That they personally accept this as true • That they will obey all the commitments of Islam in their life • Reciting this statement three times in front of witnesses is all that anyone need do to become a Muslim. • A Muslim is expected to recite this statement out loud, with total sincerity, fully understanding what it means. • The Arabic can be transliterated into the Roman alphabet like this: • "Ashhadu Alla Ilaha Illa Allah Wa Ashhadu Anna Muhammad Rasulu Allah"

8. Your task: take the concept of shahadah from the 5 pillars and discuss how you may enable children to empathise with it The five pillars of Islam help Muslims put their faith into action Shahadah - declaration of faith Salat - ritual prayer 5 times a day Zakat - giving a fixed proportion to charity Sawm - fasting Hajj - pilgrimage to Mecca

9. Some of you suggested... The five pillars of Islam help Muslims put their faith into actions Shahadah - declaration of faith: this could be like a football match, where we wear particular colours, are segregated (by families / non-families), have ritual times Salat - ritual prayer 5 times a day: this could be like going to school 5 times per week and when you are on holiday you miss being with your friends Zakat - giving a fixed proportion to charity: this could involve some children giving 5 minutes of their time to do tasks in the classroom or school and reflecting upon whether or not this was a pleasing sacrifice Sawm - fasting Hajj - pilgrimage to Mecca

10. 1st Pillar • 1st Pillar: Shahadah • The Shahadah is written in Arabic on the Saudi Arabia flag • "There is no God but Allah, and Muhammad (pbuh) is his messenger." • This is the basic statement of the Islamic faith: anyone who cannot recite this wholeheartedly is not a Muslim. • When a Muslim recites this they proclaim: • That Allah is the only God, and that Muhammad (pbuh) is his prophet • That they personally accept this as true • That they will obey all the commitments of Islam in their life • Reciting this statement three times in front of witnesses is all that anyone need do to become a Muslim. • A Muslim is expected to recite this statement out loud, with total sincerity, fully understanding what it means. • The Arabic can be transliterated into the Roman alphabet like this: • "Ashhadu Alla Ilaha Illa Allah Wa Ashhadu Anna Muhammad Rasulu Allah" • The Shahadah is written in Arabic on the flag of Saudi Arabia, the state that contains Islam's holiest places.

11. 2nd Pillar: Salat (1 of 3) Salat is the obligatory Muslim prayers, performed 5 times each day by every good Muslim. God ordered Muslims to pray at five set times of day: Salat al-fajr: dawn, before sunrise Salat al-zuhr: midday, after the sun passes its highest Salat al-'asr: the late part of the afternoon Salat al-maghrib: just after sunset Salat al-'isha: between sunset and midnight All Muslims try to do this. Muslim children as young as seven are encouraged to pray.

12. 2nd Pillar: Salat (2 of 3) Prayer Sets the Rhythm of the DayThis prayer timetable gives Muslims the pattern of their day. In Islamic countries, the public call to prayer from the mosques sets the rhythm of the day for the entire population, including non-Muslims. A Universal Muslim RitualThe prayer ritual, which is over 1400 years old, is repeated five times a day by hundreds of millions of people all round the world. Carrying it out is not only highly spiritual, but connects each Muslim to all others around the world, and to all those who have uttered the same words and made the same movements at different times in Islamic history. Prayers of Body, Mind, and Soul The set prayers are not just phrases to be spoken. Prayer for a Muslim involves uniting mind, soul, and body in worship; so a Muslim carrying out these prayers will perform a whole series of set movements that go with the words of the prayer. Muslims make sure that they are in the right frame of mind before they pray; they put aside all everyday cares and thoughts so that they can concentrate exclusively on God.

13. 2nd Pillar: Salat (3 of 3) Muslims Don't Pray for God's Benefit Muslims do not pray for the benefit of Allah. Allah does not need human prayers because he has no needs at all. Muslims pray because God has told them that they are to do this, and because they believe that they obtain great benefit in doing so. Muslims Pray Direct to GodA Muslim prays as if standing in the presence of Allah. In the ritual prayers each individual Muslim is in direct contact with Allah. There is no need of a priest as an intermediary. While there is a prayer leader, or imam, in the mosque, they are not a priest, simply a person who knows a great deal about Islam. Praying in the MosqueMuslims can pray anywhere, but it is especially good to pray with others in a mosque. Praying together in a congregation helps Muslims to realise that all humanity is one, and all are equal in the sight of Allah.

14. 2nd Co-op Structure: Quiz Quiz Trade Choose a fact and write a question about it on a piece of paper, together with the answer. Stand up, hand up, pair up Ask your partner your question, praise their answer Repeat the process vice versa Trade your pieces of paper Hand up and move on to pair up again

15. 2nd Co-op Structure: Quiz Quiz Trade Prayer Sets the Rhythm of the DayThis prayer timetable gives Muslims the pattern of their day. In Islamic countries, the public call to prayer from the mosques sets the rhythm of the day for the entire population, including non-Muslims. A Universal Muslim RitualThe prayer ritual, which is over 1400 years old, is repeated five times a day by hundreds of millions of people all round the world. Carrying it out is not only highly spiritual, but connects each Muslim to all others around the world, and to all those who have uttered the same words and made the same movements at different times in Islamic history. Prayers of Body, Mind, and Soul The set prayers are not just phrases to be spoken. Prayer for a Muslim involves uniting mind, soul, and body in worship; so a Muslim carrying out these prayers will perform a whole series of set movements that go with the words of the prayer. Muslims make sure that they are in the right frame of mind before they pray; they put aside all everyday cares and thoughts so that they can concentrate exclusively on God.

16. 3rd Pillar: Zakat Zakat is the compulsory giving of a set proportion of one's wealth to charity. Zakat is the compulsory giving of a set proportion of one's wealth to charity. It is regarded as a type of worship and of self-purification. Zakat does not refer to charitable gifts given out of kindness or generosity, but to the systematic giving of 2.5% of one's wealth each year to benefit the poor. The benefits of Zakat, apart from helping the poor, are as follows: Obeying God Helping a person acknowledge that everything comes from God on loan and that we do not really own anything ourselves. Since we cannot take anything with us when we die we need not cling to it. Acknowledging that whether we are rich or poor is God's choice. So we should help those he has chosen to make poor Learning self-discipline Freeing oneself from the love of possessions and greed Freeing oneself from the love of money Freeing oneself from love of oneself Behaving honestly The 2.5% rate only applies to cash, gold and silver, and commercial items. There are other rates for farm and mining produce, and for animals.

17. 4th Pillar: Sawm Muslims are required to fast during Ramadan, the ninth month of the Islamic calendar. During the 29/30 days of Ramadan all adult Muslims must give up the following things during the hours of daylight:Food or drink of any sort; Smoking, including passive smoking; Sexual activity. Muslims who are physically or mentally unwell may be excused some of these, as may those who are under twelve years old, the very old, those who are pregnant, breast-feeding, menstruating, or travelling.If an adult does not fast for the reasons above they should try to make up the fast at a later date, or make a donation to the poor instead. Muslims do not only abstain from physical things during Ramadan. They are also expected to do their best to avoid evil thoughts and deeds as well. There are many good reasons for this fast, including: Obeying God. Learning self-discipline. Becoming spiritually stronger. Appreciating God's gifts to us. Sharing the sufferings of the poor and developing sympathy for them. Realising the value of charity & generosity. Giving thanks for the Holy Qur'an, which was first revealed in the month of Ramadan. Sharing fellowship with other Muslims.

18. 5th Pillar: The Hajj (1 of 2) For Muslims, the Hajj is the fifth and final pillar of Islam. It is the journey that every sane adult Muslim must undertake at least once in their lives if they can afford it and are physically able. Four thousand years ago the valley of Mecca was a dry and uninhabited place.Muslims believe the Prophet Ibrahim (Abraham) was instructed to bring his wife, Hajira (Hagar) and their child Is'mail to Arabia from Palestine to protect them from the jealousy of Ibrahim’s first wife Sarah.Allah told the Prophet Ibrahim to leave them on their own, and he did so, with some supplies of food and water. However the supplies quickly ran out and within a few days Hajira and Is’mail were suffering from hunger and dehydration.In her desperation Hajira ran up and down two hills called Safa and Marwa trying to see if she could spot any help in the distance. Finally she collapsed beside Is'mail and prayed to Allah for deliverance.

19. 5th Pillar: The Hajj (2of 2) Is'mail struck his foot on the ground and this caused a spring of water to gush forth from the earth. Hajira and Is'mail were saved. Now they had a secure water supply they were able to trade water with passing nomads for food and supplies. After a while the Prophet Ibrahim returned from Palestine to check on his family and was amazed to see them running a profitable well. The Kaaba in the centre of the Great Mosque in Mecca The Prophet Ibrahim was told by Allah to build a shrine dedicated to him. Ibrahim and Is'mail constructed a small stone structure – the Kaaba or Cube - which was to be the gathering place for all who wished to strengthen their faith in Allah. As the years passed Is'mail was blessed with Prophethood and he gave the nomads of the desert the message of surrender to Allah.After many centuries, Mecca became a thriving city, due to its reliable water source, the well of Zam Zam.Gradually, the people began to adopt polytheistic ideas, and worship spirits and many different gods. The shrine of the Prophet Ibrahim was used to store idols.After many years, Allah told the Prophet Muhammed (peace be upon him) that he should restore the Kaaba to the worship of Allah only.In the year 628 the Prophet Muhammed (pbuh) set out on a journey with 1400 of his followers. This was the first pilgrimage in Islam, and would re-establish the religious traditions of the Prophet Ibrahim.

20. Malcolm X clip 5th Pillar: The Hajj

21. Stories for Thinking • A useful tool for story based philosophical thinking