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Genetics!

Genetics!. Key Learning: Genetics in Animal Science. Unit EQ: Why is an understanding of genetics important in the animal science industry?. Concept : History Lesson EQ: How did research and knowledge of genetics evolve? Vocab Punnett Square, Dominant, Recessive, Mendel.

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Genetics!

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  1. Genetics!

  2. Key Learning: Genetics in Animal Science Unit EQ: Why is an understanding of genetics important in the animal science industry? Concept : History Lesson EQ: How did research and knowledge of genetics evolve? Vocab Punnett Square, Dominant, Recessive, Mendel Concept : Genetic Behavior Lesson EQ: How do genetics manifest? Vocab Crossover, Sex Linked, Sex Limited Concept : Genetics in ANSC Industry Lesson EQ: How can genetics affect animals and their use? Vocab ACC, EPD, DTA, MBV

  3. Objectives • Analyze Meiosis and Mitosis • Discuss Gregor Mendel and his contributions to genetics

  4. Pair Share • Rally Robin • What do you KNOW about genetics? What other classes discuss genetics? • Why might genetics be important in animal science?

  5. Essential Question • How did research and knowledge of genetics evolve?

  6. Back in the Day • Gregor Mendel THE FATHER OF GENETICS • 1822-1884 • Priest • Study the inheritance traits in pea plants • Not recognized until the 20th century

  7. What did Mendel Study?

  8. What did this mean? • Selective Breeding • Crossbreeding • Heritability • What traits get passed on?

  9. Lit Frayer Model

  10. What about today? • Crossbreeding breeds registered • Cross bred crops • Aprium , Pluot, Grapple • Cross Bred Animals • Black Baldie, Labordoodle • Biotechnology • Fish in Strawberries to prevent freezer burn • Sub- arctic fish genes pumped into strawberries

  11. Let’s break it down: Why would we mix? LAB POODLE Rally Robin Traits • Rally Robin Traits

  12. Let’s Break it Down • Where is the information coming from? • Where is it stored? • What does it look like? • What information is carried?

  13. Where is the info coming from? • Parents

  14. Where is it stored? • Cells

  15. MitosisActivity:Please copy into your packet

  16. Meiosis: Activity:Please copy into your packet

  17. What does it look like? • Genotype • Phenotype

  18. What information is carried? • Chromosomes

  19. Why follow genetics? • Pedigree

  20. Pair Share • How is genetic information transferred and mapped in animal science?

  21. Activities • Video; Intro to Genetics United Streaming • Follow along in your packet

  22. Vocabulary Pair/Share: Please A Define: B Use in a Sentence Cross Breeding Selective Breeding Mitosis Meiosis • Heritability • Gregor Mendel • Gene • Chromosome • Genotype • Phenotype • Pedigree • Gamete

  23. Genetics!The Punnett Square

  24. Objectives • Analyze heritable traits • Calculate heritability using Punnett Square Method

  25. Pair Share • What does the Punnett Square represent/ Calculate? • In what other classes do you learn about Punnett Squares?

  26. It started with a Pea [plant]

  27. Remember Dominant Vs Recessive • Tell your face partner • What is the difference between Dominant and Recessive traits? • Tell your shoulder partner • How are dominant vs recessive traits represented in a P.S. ?

  28. What is a Punnett Square? • an n × n square used in genetics to calculate the frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes among the offspring of a cross

  29. More than 1 trait

  30. Monohybrid vs. Dihybrid

  31. What does it mean? • We can follow traits

  32. How to Punnett Square [Dance]

  33. Reading the Results RATIOS 1:2:1 AA:Aa:aa PERCENTAGES

  34. Let’s Practice • Worksheet- Punnett Practice

  35. Remember Pedigrees? • Using our information from our Punnett Square worksheet, lets practice building a pedigree (worksheet practice)

  36. Vocabulary Pair/Share: Please A Define: B Use in a Sentence • Punnett Square • Heritability • Monohybrid • Dihybrid

  37. Think, Write, Share • To Summarize: • How do you complete a punnett square? • Who is the • Sire, Dam, Offspring, and F# generation? • How are Punnett Squares and pedigrees related? • How can results be expressed? (include vocab)

  38. What do we look for? Genetics in Animals

  39. Objectives • Identify traits in animal breeding that are desirable based on breed and that are heritable

  40. Essential Question • How can genetics affect animals and their use??

  41. General Concepts • Certain traits are heritable • Discuss • Is Behavior? • Is Intelligence? • Is color markings? • Is feed efficiency? • Hybrid vigor • By mixing breeds within a species, “genetic health” is stronger “Mutts live longer) • Purebred • “guaranteed results”

  42. Dogs • What kind of traits would you want in YOUR dog? If you had: • Children • Small apartment • Sheep herd • Loved running ?

  43. Dogs • Temperament can be bred for! • Especially aggression • Watch for heritable health risks • Eye Problems • Irish Setters and Progressive Retinal Atrophy • Collie Eye Anomaly • Cataracts • Entropion (eyelids turn in or out)

  44. Dogs- Heritable Health Contin • Hips and Joints • Hip dysplasia • Malformation/degeneration of the hip joint. • Retrievers, Cocker Spaniels, Shetland Sheepdog • Osteochondrosis Dessicans (OCD) • Bone spur or flake wears away at joint. • Present in dogs with OCD • Pateller Luxation • Elbow/kneecap slides out of place locking leg • Occurs more in smaller dogs

  45. Cats- Heritable Health • Polydactyly • Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy • Heart muscle thickens • Main Coon Cats • Progressive Retinal Atrophy • Diabetes • Burmese • Feline Infectious Peritonitis • Some cats have a predisposition to the development of FIA

  46. Cattle – Dairy Cattle • Milk production • Milk Fat Content • Efficiency • Feed intake to Milk Output • Calving ability

  47. Video Break • Body Builder Cattle: • Pair/ Share After viewing • How did the cattle’s purpose, and consumer demand, drive genetic engineering? What genetic engineering was used?

  48. How do we TRACK this information?How is it used in industry to determine use of animals? • Sire Summaries • In cattle • Compares information on 1 bull, to his generation • Information is gathered by the productivity of his offspring • Helps famers choose which bull’s semen will help increase their herd’s health, and therefore his profit, when bred to his cows • More offspring a bull has (through natural mating or AI) the more Accurate his information and therefore the better guarantee that THOSE desired traits will be passed down

  49. Sire Summary in Cow/Calf Op.s Table 1Example of sire summary data from the 1984 Angus sire summary University of Missouri: Extension

  50. EPD • EPD: Expected Progeny Difference: express the genetic transmitting ability of a sire. The EPD is reported as a plus or minus value in the unit in which the trait is measured. • EPDs are calculated from a sire's progeny data. All bulls listed in the sire summary can be directly compared using EPD values. EPDs are an estimate of how a bull's progeny would be expected to perform compared to any other bull listed in the same summary.

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