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Hope Bilinski RN PhD, College of Nursing, University of Saskatchewan, Canada

ISCI, University of York, July 27-29, 2011. The Impact of Psychosocial Well-being on the Health Behaviors of Rural Children I. Hope Bilinski RN PhD, College of Nursing, University of Saskatchewan, Canada

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Hope Bilinski RN PhD, College of Nursing, University of Saskatchewan, Canada

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  1. ISCI, University of York, July 27-29, 2011 The Impact of Psychosocial Well-being on the Health Behaviors of Rural ChildrenI Hope Bilinski RN PhD, College of Nursing, University of Saskatchewan, Canada Louise Humbert, PhD, College of Kinesiology, University of Saskatchewan, Canada Carol Henry, PhD, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Canada

  2. Overview • Background • Purpose of the Study • Research Questions • Methodology • Findings • Implications for Practice & Research

  3. Background Healthbehaviours of Canadian children: • 59% consumed fruits and vegetables < 5 times/day (CCHS, 2004) • Children and youth getting an average of 6 hrs/day of screen time (HBSC, 2006) • 9% boys and 4% girls meet the guidelines for physical activity (CHMS, 2009) • Prevalence of overweight doubled and obesity tripled • (Stats Canada, 2006)

  4. Rural Canadian Children • Less aerobically fit (Tremblay, 2005) • Watched TV more than 2 hrs /day (Bilinski, et al, 2009) • Consumed less than the recommended servings of fruits and vegetables (Martz & Wagner, 2008) • More likely to be overweight/obese (Brunner et al, 2009)

  5. Rural Saskatchewan Children Qualitative Health means: “Knowing stuff” “Having a working body” “Feeling Happy” Quantitative • 34% of children overweight or obese • Higher prevalence of overweight/obesity in boys • Many (52.6%) children watched 2 or more hrs of TV on a daily basis

  6. Psychosocial well-being and health behavioursin rural preadolescent children Purpose: • To determine the relationship between psychosocial health and health behaviours in children • To discover, from the children’s perspective, the influence of the rural environment on health behaviours and psychosocial health

  7. Research Questions • What are the patterns of weight, health behaviours, and psychosocial health characteristics of the study sample? • What is the relationship between the psychosocial characteristics and the health behaviours? • What are the children’s perceptions of their rural environment and how this environment contributes to their health?

  8. Methodology Study design Mixed methods approach Target population All students in Grades 4,5, & 6 attending four rural schools Instruments Psychosocial health Piers-Harris 2 Questionnaire Faces Scale Dietary patterns Youth/Adolescent FF Questionnaire Physical Activity Physical Activity Questionnaire Pedometers Perceptions Photovoice

  9. Methodology Weight Status: • BMI calculated (wt/ht2) from measured heights and weights • Categorized as healthy weight, overweight or obese based on IOTF 6 month cut off points for BMI related to age and sex (Cole et al, 2000)

  10. Findings Sample • Response rate • 47.2% male; 52.8 % female • Mean age: 10.26 years

  11. Findings For all children: 20.2% were overweight 16.2% were obese

  12. Findings Physical Activity Patterns

  13. Findings Pedometer readings: For all children average steps: 55,000 steps Boys: 50,927 steps/6 days Girls: 57,855 steps/6 days

  14. Findings Dietary Patterns

  15. Findings Psychosocial Characteristics Faces Scale: • 88.7% rated their happiness as A, B, C • 11.3% rated their happiness as D

  16. Findings Psychosocial Characteristics Piers-Harris 2 ‘The way I feel about myself’ Overall score derived from six domains: • Behavioral adjustment • Intellectual and school status • Physical appearance and attributes • Freedom from anxiety • Popularity • Happiness and satisfaction 40 - 55 For all children – mean total score 54.25

  17. Findings Psychosocial health and health behaviours • No significant relationships between total Piers-Harris (PH) score and BMI scores or PA • Significant but relatively weak relationships: - Vegetable intake and Total PH - Vegetable intake and Happiness - BMI and anxiety

  18. The Rural Context Satisfaction “It’s fun, it’s a lot better than the city” “You know everyone in town”

  19. The Rural Context Wide Open Spaces “I like it, you can walk in the middle of the road because there is no traffic” “it feels good to have a whole bunch of space out there”

  20. The Rural Context Safety Wide Open Spaces “You can take a nap on the road” “You don’t have to worry..like we don’t even lock our door at night”

  21. Conclusions • 36.4% of children overweight or obese • Most participated in physical activities 2-3/wk • Most consumed Fr & Veg less than 3/wk • Most consumed sugary snacks • Majority of children reported they were happy or very happy • Majority had a positive self concept • The rural environment contributed to health

  22. Strengths and Limitations • Homogeneous sample of rural children • Response/selection bias • Generalization • Children as participants

  23. Implications for research/practice • Replicate study with a larger random sample • Early assessment of overweight and obesity • Integrate psychosocial components in health promotion or interventions

  24. Thank you!

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